慶應義塾研究者情報データベース

経歴 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

経歴 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

• 2001年10月

  -

  2004年03月

  東京大学, 大学院情報学環, 助手

• 2004年04月

  -

  2004年09月

  東京大学, 社会情報研究所, 助手

• 2004年10月

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  2007年12月

  東京大学, 教養学部, 助教

• 2008年01月

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  2012年03月

  京都大学, こころの未来研究センター, 特定助教

• 2012年04月

  -

  2014年03月

  安田女子大学, 心理学科, 講師

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• 博士（学術）, 東京大学, 2008年12月

  An evolutionary psychological approach to sharing-rule reasoning and trust : General patterns and individual differences

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• 人文・社会 / 社会心理学

研究キーワード 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

研究キーワード 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

• 向社会性

• 認知バイアス

• 進化心理学

論文 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

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• A systematic review of conference papers presented at two large Japanese psychology conferences in 2013 and 2018: did Japanese social psychologists selectively report p < 0.05 results without peer review?

  Hiraishi K., Miura A., Higuchi M., Fujishima Y., Nakamura D., Suyama M.

  Peerj 12 2024年

  　概要を見る

  We conducted a systematic review of conference papers in social psychology at two large psychology conferences in Japan: the Japanese Psychological Association and the Japanese Society for Social Psychology. The conference papers were effectively not subjected to peer review; hence, they were suitable for testing if psychologists selectively reported statistically significant findings without pressure from journal editors and reviewers. We investigated the distributions of z-values converted from the p-values reported in the articles presented at the 2013 and 2018 conferences. The z-curve analyses suggest the existence of selective reporting by the authors in 2013. The expected discovery rate (EDR) was much lower than the observed discovery rate (ODR; 7% vs. 76%, respectively), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) did not include the ODR. However, this does not mean that the set of studies completely lacked evidential value. The expected replication rate (ERR) was 31%; this is significantly higher than 5%, which was expected under the null hypothesis of no effect. Changes were observed between 2013 and 2018. The ERR increased (31% to 44%), and the EDR almost doubled (7% to 13%). However, the estimation of the maximum false discovery rate (FDR; 68% in 2013 and 35% in 2018) suggested that a substantial proportion of the reported findings were false positives. Overall, while social psychologists in Japan engaged in selective reporting, this does not mean that the entire field was covered with false positives. In addition, slight signs of improvement were observed in how they reported their findings. Still, the evidential value of the target studies was weak, even in 2018, allowing for no optimism.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Differences in and associations between belief in just deserts and human rights restrictions over a 3-year period in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

  Murakami M., Hiraishi K., Yamagata M., Nakanishi D., Ortolani A., Mifune N., Li Y., Miura A.

  Peerj 11 2023年

  　概要を見る

  Discrimination, which arose during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, is a global public health issue. This study aimed to provide fundamental knowledge in proposing control measures to mitigate discrimination. We focused on two psychological variables: belief in just deserts (BJD, i.e., the belief that the infected individual deserves to be infected), a psychological factor that potentially promotes discrimination and prejudice, and human rights restrictions (HRR; i.e., the degree of individuals’ agreement with government restrictions on citizens’ behavior during emergencies). Differences in these items, as well as their annual trends from 2020 to 2022, were examined in Japan, the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Italy, and China. In addition, the associations between BJD and HRR by country and year and the direction of the associations between them in Japan and Italy were analyzed. Online surveys were conducted annually, with 392–518 participants per country and year. The BJD was higher in Japan and lower in the UK. BJD increased significantly from 2020 to 2021 in all countries, except in China. Meanwhile, HRR was higher in China and lower in Japan. The HRR decreased from 2020 to 2021 in Japan and decreased from 2020 to 2022 in the US, the UK, and Italy. There were significant positive associations between BJD and HRR in Japan and Italy. Cross-lagged panel models revealed positive bidirectional associations between BJD and HRR in Japan and Italy, respectively, indicating that the HRR declined among those with weak BJD and that the BJD increased among those with high HRR. In Japan and Italy, the dissemination of public messages targeting those with a high HRR in the early stages of an infectious disease outbreak could potentially mitigate the adverse impact of the BJD, eventually reducing discrimination, especially when the infection is not attributed to the fault of the infected individuals.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Belief in just deserts regarding individuals infected with COVID-19 in Japan and its associations with demographic factors and infection-related and socio-psychological characteristics: a cross-sectional study

  Murakami M., Hiraishi K., Yamagata M., Nakanishi D., Miura A.

  Peerj 10 2022年12月

  　概要を見る

  Prejudice related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a social issue worldwide. A possible psychological factor that promotes prejudice is the belief in just deserts (BJD) regarding individuals infected with COVID-19 (i.e., the belief that the infected individual deserves to be infected). The BJD is based on the belief in immanent justice. It is reportedly higher in Japan than in other countries. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the BJD among Japanese individuals and clarify its associations with demographic factors or infection-related and socio-psychological characteristics. To this end, we conducted an online questionnaire survey in Japan from August 7–8, 2020, with 1,207 respondents aged 20–69 years. We performed screening to exclude inappropriate responses. We investigated the association between the BJD and demographic factors such as gender and age. We also investigated the association between the BJD and infection-related and socio-psychological characteristics, including risk perception of COVID-19 infection and human rights restrictions (i.e., the degree of agreement with government restrictions on individuals’ behavior during emergencies). Among the surveyed items, human rights restrictions showed a strong association with BJD, followed by risk perception of COVID-19 infection. Men had a slightly higher BJD than women. Our study is significant in that it is the first to investigate the items associated with the BJD, thereby providing foundational information for revising individual perceptions of justice related to COVID-19 and solving prejudice-related issues.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• How to Detect Altruists: Experiments Using a Zero-Acquaintance Video Presentation Paradigm

  Oda R., Tainaka T., Morishima K., Kanematsu N., Yamagata-Nakashima N., Hiraishi K.

  Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 45 （ 2 ） 261 - 279 2021年06月

  ISSN  01915886

  　概要を見る

  In this study, we investigated the cognitive processes and nonverbal cues used to detect altruism in three experiments based on a zero-acquaintance video presentation paradigm. Cognitive mechanisms of altruism detection are thought to have evolved in humans to prevent subtle cheating. Several studies have demonstrated that people can correctly estimate levels of altruism in others. In this study, we asked participants to distinguish altruists from non-altruists in video clips using the Faith game. Participants decided whether they could trust allocation of money to the targets who were videotaped while talking to the experimenter. In our first experiment, we asked the participants to play the Faith game under cognitive load. The accuracy of altruism detection was not reduced when participants simultaneously performed a cognitive task, suggesting that altruist detection is rapid and effortless. In the second experiment, we investigated the effects of affective status on the accuracy of altruism detection. Compared with participants in a positive mood, those in a negative mood were more hesitant to trust videotaped targets. However, the accuracy with which altruism levels were detected did not change when we manipulated participants’ moods. In the third experiment, we investigated the facial cues by which participants detected altruists. Participants could not detect altruists when the upper half of the target’s face was hidden, suggesting that judgment cues exist around the eyes. We also conducted a meta-analysis on the effect size in each experimental condition to verify the robustness of altruism detection ability.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Spread of Risk Information Through Microblogs: Twitter Users with More Mutual Connections Relay News That is More Dreadful1

  Komori M., Miura A., Matsumura N., Hiraishi K., Maeda K.

  Japanese Psychological Research 63 （ 1 ） 1 - 12 2021年01月

  ISSN  00215368

  　概要を見る

  In elucidating the spread of risk information through microblogging, it is important to understand the behaviors of numerous average users, in addition to the activities of authorities. We followed the transmission pathways of 10 actual widely spread tweets concerning several risk information topics, including natural disasters, nuclear disasters, and infectious diseases, and we identified the types of risk that affected retweeting by classifying each tweet based on Slovic's risk-perception model. Furthermore, we examined the types of users who did and did not retweet the information. Users with few connections in the form of followers (i.e., people who are following a user) or followees (people a user is following), or with a low ratio of mutual followers within their connections, had a tendency to retweet a large amount of risk information, regardless of the type of risk involved. On the other hand, users with a high ratio of mutual followers exhibited a greater tendency to retweet risk information when it was perceived as dreadful, though they did not retweet risk information much on the whole. These results suggest that there are two mechanisms by which risk information is spread within the Twitter network: information exchange and social sharing of personal reactions.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

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KOARA（リポジトリ）収録論文等 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

KOARA（リポジトリ）収録論文等 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

• 公開データを用いた心理学卒業研究の提案

  平石, 界

  哲學 （三田哲學會）   （ 152 ） 117 - 145 2024年03月

  ISSN  05632099

• 深層学習モデルによる心理学研究の可能性の検討

  平石, 界

  学事振興資金研究成果実績報告書 （慶應義塾大学）  2023年

• 法律家と一般市民の法理解の比較 : 社会心理学と比較法学による定量的分析

  平石, 界

  学事振興資金研究成果実績報告書 （慶應義塾大学）  2019年

• コーディネーション問題は道徳を生むか : 進化シミュレーションによる検証

  平石, 界

  科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書 2019年

• 風評被害の心理基盤 : リスク認知バイアスと評価的条件づけの2ステップ仮説

  平石, 界

  科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書 2018年

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研究発表 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

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• Genetic overlapping among intelligence, educational attainment, occupational status, marriage, and having children: Japanese female twins

  平石 界

  BEHAVIOR GENETICS, 

  2013年11月

• Long-term genetic effects of working memory on cognition and personality in adolescence and adulthood: A 14-year longitudinal study of twins

  平石 界

  BEHAVIOR GENETICS, 

  2013年11月

• Genetics of decision making: A Japanese twin study using the Allais problem

  平石 界

  BEHAVIOR GENETICS, 

  2012年11月

• Whose happiness increases, and why? A longitudinal twin analysis over a decade-long interval

  平石 界

  BEHAVIOR GENETICS, 

  2011年11月

• Heritability of cooperative behavior on a public goods game

  平石 界

  BEHAVIOR GENETICS, 

  2010年11月

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競争的研究費の研究課題 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

競争的研究費の研究課題 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

• 大規模言語モデルを用いた説得研究：個別性への新たなアプローチ

  2025年04月

  -

  2029年03月

  平石 界, 基盤研究(B), 補助金,  研究代表者

• 社会心理学の基盤を裾野から確認する：メタ分析と追試による再現性検証

  2019年04月

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  2024年03月

  文部科学省・日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 平石　界, 基盤研究（Ｂ）, 補助金,  研究代表者

• コーディネーション問題は道徳を生むか：進化シミュレーションによる検証

  2016年04月

  -

  2019年03月

  文部科学省・日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 平石　界, 挑戦的萌芽研究, 補助金,  研究代表者

• 風評被害の心理基盤：リスク認知バイアスと評価的条件づけの２ステップ仮説

  2016年04月

  -

  2019年03月

  文部科学省・日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 平石　界, 基盤研究(B), 補助金,  研究代表者

担当授業科目 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

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• 社会科学特論Ⅱ

  2026年度

• 人間科学研究法ⅣＡ

  2026年度

• 人間科学諸領域Ⅰ

  2026年度

• 人間科学研究会Ⅳ

  2026年度

• 心理学概論

  2026年度

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