Details of a Researcher - Kawahara, Shigeto

Papers - Kawahara, Shigeto

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Japanese speakers can infer specific sub-lexicons using phonotactic cues

Shigeto Kawahara and Gakuji Kumagai

Linguistics Vanguard 2024.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

The alveolar trill is perceived as rough by speakers of different languages

Cwiek, A. et al.

JASA 2024.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The (non-)local nature of Lyman’s Law revisited

Shigeto Kawahara and Gakuji Kumagai

Laboratory Phonology 15 ( 1 ) 2024.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

Token frequency modulates optional paradigm uniformity in Japanese voiced velar nasalization

Canaan Briess, Hironori Katsuda and Shigeto Kawahara

Phonology 2024.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Limits on gestural reorganization following vowel deletion: The case of Tokyo Japanese.

Jason Shaw and Shigeto Kawahara

(Laboratory Phonology) 2023.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Random forests, sound symbolism and Pokémon evolution

Kilpatrick, Alexander, Aleksandra Ćwiek and Shigeto Kawahara

PloS One (PLoS ONE) 18 ( 1 January ) 2023.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

This study constructs machine learning algorithms that are trained to classify samples using sound symbolism, and then it reports on an experiment designed to measure their understanding against human participants. Random forests are trained using the names of Pokémon, which are fictional video game characters, and their evolutionary status. Pokémon undergo evolution when certain in-game conditions are met. Evolution changes the appearance, abilities, and names of Pokémon. In the first experiment, we train three random forests using the sounds that make up the names of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Pokémon to classify Pokémon into pre-evolution and post-evolution categories. We then train a fourth random forest using the results of an elicitation experiment whereby Japanese participants named previously unseen Pokémon. In Experiment 2, we reproduce those random forests with name length as a feature and compare the performance of the random forests against humans in a classification experiment whereby Japanese participants classified the names elicited in Experiment 1 into pre-and post-evolution categories. Experiment 2 reveals an issue pertaining to overfitting in Experiment 1 which we resolve using a novel cross-validation method. The results show that the random forests are efficient learners of systematic sound-meaning correspondence patterns and can classify samples with greater accuracy than the human participants.

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Rendaku is not blocked by two nasal consonants: A reply to Kim (2022).

Shigeto Kawahara and Gakuji Kumagai

Glossa 2023.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Last author, Corresponding author, Accepted

Lyman's Law can count only up to two

Shigeto Kawahara and Gakuji Kumagai

Laboratory Phonology 2023.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Last author, Corresponding author, Accepted

A cross-linguistic, sound symbolic relationship between bilabial consonants, voiced plosives, and Pokémon Friendship

Kilpatrick, Alexander, Aleksandra Ćwiek, Eleanor Lewis and Shigeto Kawahara

Frontiers in Psychology 2023

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Variation, gender and perception: the social meaning of Japanese linguistic variables

Sherwood S., Shaw J.A., Kawahara S., Mailhammer R., Antoniou M.

Linguistics (Linguistics) 2023

ISSN 00243949

The social categories that characterize a speaker frequently correlate with the use of specific linguistic variables. Research suggests that such correlations are sometimes recognized as socially-indexed meanings. This study examines Japanese individuals' attitudes toward variables that have been shown to correlate with the social category of gender in production. In particular, we contrast patterns of gendered variation that (i) have been prescriptively associated with speaker sex and (ii) tend to correlate with gender in speech production but are outside of the set of prescriptive "women's language". We found that individuals have formed associations between the gender of the speaker and prescriptive variables but not other patterns of variation. Additionally, knowledge of the speech context of the variables had no significant effect on individuals' judgments. The results indicate that not all social information available from patterns of language use is recovered by listeners. More broadly, examining the transmission of social meaning through linguistic variation requires a combination of production- and perception-based research methods.

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A cross-linguistic, sound symbolic relationship between labial consonants, voiced plosives, and Pokémon friendship

Kilpatrick A., Ćwiek A., Lewis E., Kawahara S.

Frontiers in Psychology (Frontiers in Psychology) 14 2023

Introduction: This paper presents a cross-linguistic study of sound symbolism, analysing a six-language corpus of all Pokémon names available as of January 2022. It tests the effects of labial consonants and voiced plosives on a Pokémon attribute known as friendship. Friendship is a mechanic in the core series of Pokémon video games that arguably reflects how friendly each Pokémon is. Method: Poisson regression is used to examine the relationship between the friendship mechanic and the number of times /p/, /b/, /d/, /m/, /g/, and /w/ occur in the names of English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, German, and French Pokémon. Results: Bilabial plosives, /p/ and /b/, typically represent high friendship values in Pokémon names while /m/, /d/, and /g/ typically represent low friendship values. No association is found for /w/ in any language. Discussion: Many of the previously known cases of cross-linguistic sound symbolic patterns can be explained by the relationship between how sounds in words are articulated and the physical qualities of the referents. This study, however, builds upon the underexplored relationship between sound symbolism and abstract qualities.

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PSYCHOACOUSTIC FEATURES EXPLAIN SUBJECTIVE SIZE AND SHAPE RATINGS OF PSEUDO-WORDS

Villegas J., Akita K., Kawahara S.

Proceedings of Forum Acusticum (Proceedings of Forum Acusticum) 2023

ISSN 22213767

A previous study observed that the association between utterances and their ascribed meaning depends, among other factors, on phonation types. Specifically, the perceived size and shape of the referents of pseudo-words varied depending on whether they were pronounced with modal, creaky, falsetto or whisper phonation. In this study, we report a re-analysis of the same shape and size subjective ratings in terms of the four psychoacoustic measures: loudness, roughness, sharpness and pitch. We found that phonation types were positively associated with psychoacoustic features-falsetto with pitch, whisper with sharpness, and creakiness with loudness and roughness. Psychoacoustic features were also associated with subjective ratings: loudness and sharpness with subjective size and pitch and roughness with subjective shape. These findings indicate that psychoacoustic features (closer to the auditory representation of the heard sounds) may be good predictors of sound symbolism judgments.

How Russian speakers express evolution in Pokémon names: an experimental study with nonce words

Kumagai G., Kawahara S.

Linguistics Vanguard (Linguistics Vanguard) 8 ( 1 ) 15 - 27 2022.12

Sound symbolism, systematic and iconic relationships between sounds and meanings, is now a topic that is very actively explored by linguists, psychologists and cognitive scientists. As a new research strategy to study the nature of sound symbolic connections across different languages, a number of scholars have started using Pokémon names, a research paradigm that is now dubbed "Pokémonastics."The previous Pokémonastics studies have experimentally explored how the evolution status is symbolically expressed by native speakers of English, Japanese and Brazilian Portuguese. Building on these studies, the current experiment examined the sound symbolic knowledge of Russian speakers, and found that they are more likely to associate large, post-evolution Pokémon characters with names containing voiced obstruents than with names containing voiceless obstruents, and that they are also more likely to associate post-evolution characters with names containing [a] than with names containing [i]. The experiment also revealed that Russian speakers are less likely to associate post-evolution characters with names having labial consonants than with names having coronal or dorsal consonants. Overall, the current results show that Russian speakers generally have knowledge of sound symbolic associations that is similar to that of English, Japanese and Brazilian Portuguese speakers, suggesting that some sound symbolic patterns hold robustly across multiple languages.

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Speaking rate normalization across different talkers in the perception of Japanese stop and vowel length contrasts

Kawahara, Shigeto, Misaki Kato and Kaori Idemaru

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2022.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Accepted

The bouba/kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems

Ćwiek A., Fuchs S., Draxler C., Asu E.L., Dediu D., Hiovain K., Kawahara S., Koutalidis S., Krifka M., Lippus P., Lupyan G., Oh G.E., Paul J., Petrone C., Ridouane R., Reiter S., Schümchen N., Szalontai Á., Ünal-Logacev Ö., Zeller J., Perlman M., Winter B.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences) 377 ( 1841 ) 2022

ISSN 09628436

The bouba/kiki effect - the association of the nonce word bouba with a round shape and kiki with a spiky shape - is a type of correspondence between speech sounds and visual properties with potentially deep implications for the evolution of spoken language. However, there is debate over the robustness of the effect across cultures and the influence of orthography. We report an online experiment that tested the bouba/kiki effect across speakers of 25 languages representing nine language families and 10 writing systems. Overall, we found strong evidence for the effect across languages, with bouba eliciting more congruent responses than kiki. Participants who spoke languages with Roman scripts were only marginally more likely to show the effect, and analysis of the orthographic shape of the words in different scripts showed that the effect was no stronger for scripts that use rounder forms for bouba and spikier forms for kiki. These results confirm that the bouba/kiki phenomenon is rooted in crossmodal correspondence between aspects of the voice and visual shape, largely independent of orthography. They provide the strongest demonstration to date that the bouba/kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)'.

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Testing MaxEnt with sound symbolism: A stripy wug-shaped curve in Japanese Pokémon names

Kawahara S.

Language (Language) 97 ( 4 ) e341 - e359 2021.12

ISSN 00978507

An issue that is actively explored in the contemporary linguistics literature is how to account for probabilistic generalizations, for which there are currently various competing theories. To bear on this debate, Hayes (2021) proposes that we examine a grammatical framework in terms of its quantitative signature, typical probabilistic patterns that the framework is predicted to generate. In this research report, I zoom in on the quantitative signature of maximum entropy harmonic grammar (MaxEnt HG), because this framework has proven useful in modeling probabilistic generalizations across different linguistic domains. Given a linear scale of violations of one constraint, MaxEnt yields a sigmoid curve. When another constraint is relevant and can be violated multiple times, this sigmoid curve can be shifted, yielding multiple sigmoid curves, which results in a stripy wug-shaped curve. Expanding upon a previous study (Kawahara 2020b), the current experiment demonstrates that we observe a stripy wug-shaped curve in a particularly clear manner in patterns of sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Concretely, the experiment with Japanese speakers shows that the judgment of Pokémons’ evolution status is affected by the mora counts of nonce names, resulting in a sigmoid curve, and that this sigmoid curve is shifted according to the number of voiced obstruents contained in the names. The overall results suggest that MaxEnt is a useful tool for modeling systematic sound-meaning correspondences.*.

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Bouba and kiki across the globe: Evidence for crossmodal correspondence in speakers of 25 different languages

Cwiek, Aleksandra et al. (7th among 22 authors)

Philosophical Transactions B. 2021.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

More on the articulation of devoiced [u] in Tokyo Japanese: Effects of surrounding consonants

Phonetica 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The diachronic origins of Lyman's Law: evidence from phonetics, dialectology and philology

Vance T.J., Kawahara S., Miyashita M.

Phonology (Phonology) 38 ( 3 ) 479 - 511 2021.08

ISSN 09526757

Modern Japanese has a set of morphophonemic alternations known collectively as rendaku that involve initial consonants in second elements of compounds, as in /jama+dera/ ‘mountain temple’ (cf. /tera/ ‘temple’). An alternating element like /tera/ ~ /dera/ has an initial voiced obstruent in its rendaku allomorph and an initial voiceless obstruent in its non-rendaku allomorph. Lyman's Law blocks rendaku in a second element containing a medial voiced obstruent. This paper gives three arguments that Lyman's Law originated as a constraint prohibiting prenasalisation in consecutive syllables. First, constraints on similar consonants in close proximity generally apply not to voicing but to features with phonetic cues that are more spread out, such as prenasalisation. Second, in some Japanese dialects with prenasalised voiced obstruents, rendaku cannot occur if it would result in adjacent syllables containing these marked consonants. Third, phonographically attested Old Japanese compounds are consistent with a constraint on adjacent syllables.

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English Speakers Can Infer Pokémon Types Based on Sound Symbolism

Kawahara S., Godoy M.C., Kumagai G.

Frontiers in Psychology (Frontiers in Psychology) 12 2021.07

Sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings, is receiving increasing attention in linguistics, psychology and related disciplines. One general question that is currently explored in this research is what sorts of semantic properties can be symbolically represented. Against this background, within the general research paradigm which explores the nature of sound symbolism using Pokémon names, several recent studies have shown that Japanese speakers associate certain classes of sounds with notions that are as complex as Pokémon types. Specifically, Japanese speakers associate (1) sibilants with the flying type, (2) voiced obstruents with the dark type, and (3) labial consonants with the fairy type. These sound symbolic effects arguably have their roots in the phonetic properties of the sounds at issue, and hence are not expected to be specific to Japanese. The current study thus addressed the question whether these sound symbolic associations hold with native speakers of English. Two experiments show that these sound symbolic patterns were very robustly observed when the stimuli were presented in pairs; when the stimuli were presented in isolation, the effects were also tangible, although not as robust. We conclude that English speakers can associate certain types of sounds with particular Pokémon types, with an important caveat that we observed a clear task effect. Overall the current results lend some credibility to the hypothesis that those attributes that play a role in Pokémons' survival are actively signaled by sound symbolism.

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Novel vocalizations are understood across cultures

Ćwiek et al.

Scientific Reports (Scientific Reports) 11 ( 1 ) 2021.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Linguistic communication requires speakers to mutually agree on the meanings of words, but how does such a system first get off the ground? One solution is to rely on iconic gestures: visual signs whose form directly resembles or otherwise cues their meaning without any previously established correspondence. However, it is debated whether vocalizations could have played a similar role. We report the first extensive cross-cultural study investigating whether people from diverse linguistic backgrounds can understand novel vocalizations for a range of meanings. In two comprehension experiments, we tested whether vocalizations produced by English speakers could be understood by listeners from 28 languages from 12 language families. Listeners from each language were more accurate than chance at guessing the intended referent of the vocalizations for each of the meanings tested. Our findings challenge the often-cited idea that vocalizations have limited potential for iconic representation, demonstrating that in the absence of words people can use vocalizations to communicate a variety of meanings.

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Exploring the nature of cumulativity in sound symbolism: Experimental studies of Pokémonastics with English speakers

Kawahara, Shigeto and Canaan Breiss

Laboratory Phonology (Laboratory Phonology) 12 ( 1 ) 1 - 29 2021.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 18686354

There has been a dramatic rise of interest in sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Despite this, one aspect that is still markedly under-explored is its cumulative nature, i.e., when there are two or more sounds with the same symbolic meaning, whether these effects add up or not. These questions are important to address, since they bear on the general question of how speakers take into account multiple sources of evidence when they make linguistic decisions. Inspired by an accumulating body of research on cumulativity in other linguistic patterns, two experiments on sound symbolism using Pokémon names were conducted with native speakers of English. The experiments tested two types of cumulativity: Counting cumulativity, which holds if the effects of multiple instances of the same factor add up, and ganging-up cumulativity, which holds when the effects of different factors add up. The experiments addressed whether these patterns of cumulativity hold in sound symbolism, and, more importantly, if so, how. We found that (1) three factors can show ganging-up cumulativity, (2) counting cumulativity and ganging-up cumulativity can coexist in a single system, (3) ganging-up cumulativity patterns can plausibly be considered to be linear, and (4) counting cumulativity effects can be sub-linear.

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Assessing the prosodic licensing of wh-in-situ in Japanese: A computational-experimental approach

Kawahara, Shigeto, Jason Shaw, and Shinichiro Ishihara

Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 2021.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

How to express evolution in English Pokémon names.

Kawahara, Shigeto & Jeff Moore

Linguistics (Linguistics) 59 ( 3 ) 577 - 607 2021

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00243949

This article contributes to the studies of sound symbolism, systematic relationships between sounds and meanings. Specifically, we build on a series of studies conducted within a research paradigm called "Pokémonastics,"which uses the Pokémon universe to explore sound symbolic patterns. Inspired by a study of existing English Pokémon names, two experiments were conducted in which English speakers were provided with pairs of pre-evolution and post-evolution Pokémon characters, the latter of which were larger. The participants were given two name choices whose members were systematically different in some phonological properties. The results show the following sound symbolic patterns to be productive: (1) names with higher segment counts are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names with lower segment counts, (2) names containing [a] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], (3) names containing [u] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], and (4) names containing coronal consonants are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing labial consonants. Overall, the current results suggest that phonological considerations come into play when English speakers name new fictional creatures. Implications of the current results for the theories of sound symbolism are discussed throughout the paper.

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What voiced obstruents symbolically represent in Japanese: Evidence from the Pokémon universe

Kawahara, Shigeto & Gakuji Kumagai

Journal of Japanese Linguistics (Journal of Japanese Linguistics) 37 ( 1 ) 3 - 24 2021

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Kawahara, Noto, and Kumagai (2018b) found that within the corpus of existing Pokémon names, the number of voiced obstruents in the characters' names correlates positively with their weight, height, evolution levels and attack values. While later experimental studies to some extent confirmed the productivity of these sound symbolic relationships (e.g. Kawahara and Kumagai 2019a), they are limited, due to the fact that the visual images presented to the participants primarily differed with regard to evolution levels. The current experiments thus for the first time directly explored how each of these semantic dimensions - weight, height, evolution levels, and attack values - correlates with the number of voiced obstruents in nonce names. The results of two judgment experiments show that all of these parameters indeed correlate positively with the number of voiced obstruents in the names. Overall, the results show that a particular class of sounds - in our case, a set of voiced obstruents - can signal different semantic meanings within a single language, supporting the pluripotentiality of sound symbolism (Winter, Pérez-Sobrino, and Brown 2019). We also address another general issue that has been under-explored in the literature on sound symbolism; namely, its cumulative nature. In both of the experiments, we observe that two voiced obstruents evoke stronger images than one voiced obstruent, instantiating what is known as the counting cumulativity effect (Jäger and Rosenbach 2006).

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Sound symbolism in Brazilian Portuguese Pokémon names: Evidence for cross-linguistic similarities and differences

Godoy M.C., Gomes A.L., Kumagai G., Kawahara S.

Journal of Portuguese Linguistics (Journal of Portuguese Linguistics) 20 ( 1 ) 1 - 23 2021

Several studies in linguistics and related disciplines have been extensively exploring sound symbolism, systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Against this theoretical development, research on Pokémon names has shed new light on cross-linguistic similarities and differences in sound symbolic patterns, using similar experimental stimuli across different target languages. A recent experimental study has demonstrated that Brazilian Portuguese speakers sound-symbolically signal evolution when naming Pokémon characters: post-evolution Pokémon characters tend to receive longer names with more voiced obstruents, while preevolution characters tend to receive shorter names with fewer voiced obstruents. Other recent studies showed that in Japanese and English, sound symbolism can also signal differences in Pokémon type: evil-looking characters tend to be associated with voiced obstruents, while flyingtype characters tend to have names with sibilants. Integrating the insights offered by these two lines of previous studies, the current paper examines whether Brazilian Portuguese speakers are sensitive to these type-related sound symbolic associations. To improve upon previous studies, we used a free-naming task in order to give participants freedom to create new names. This experiment corroborated the associations between voiced obstruents and evil-type characters, but not the association between sibilants and flying-type characters. A follow-up experiment with a forced-choice paradigm, the same method used in earlier work, also failed to reveal systematic connections between sibilants and flying-type characters. These results indicate that this association may not be universal, contrary to the claim made in previous studies.

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Visual and Proprioceptive Perceptions Evoke Motion-Sound Symbolism: Different Acceleration Profiles Are Associated With Different Types of Consonants

Shinohara K., Kawahara S., Tanaka H.

Frontiers in Psychology (Frontiers in Psychology) 11 2020.11

© Copyright © 2020 Shinohara, Kawahara and Tanaka. A growing body of literature has shown that one perceptual modality can be systematically associated with sensation in another. However, the cross-modal relationship between linguistic sounds and motions (i.e., motion-sound symbolism) is an extremely understudied area of research. Against this background, this paper examines the cross-modal correspondences between categories of consonants on one hand and different acceleration profiles of motion stimuli on the other. In the two experiments that we conducted, we mechanically manipulated the acceleration profiles of the stimuli while holding the trajectory paths constant, thus distinguishing the effect of acceleration profiles from that of motion path shapes. The results show that different acceleration profiles can be associated with different types of consonants; in particular, movements with acceleration and deceleration tend to be associated with a class of sounds called obstruents, whereas movements without much acceleration tend to be associated with a class of sounds called sonorants. Moreover, the current experiments show that this sort of cross-modal correspondence arises even when the stimuli are not presented visually, namely, when the participants’ hands were moved passively by a manipulandum. In conclusion, the present study adds an additional piece of evidence demonstrating that bodily action-based information, i.e., proprioception as a very feasible candidate, could lead to sound symbolic patterns.

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A wug-shaped curve in sound symbolism: The case of Japanese Pokémon names

Kawahara, Shigeto

Phonology (Phonology) 37 ( 3 ) 383 - 418 2020.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 09526757

An experiment showed that Japanese speakers' judgement of Pokémons' evolution status on the basis of nonce names is affected both by mora count and by the presence of a voiced obstruent. The effects of mora count are a case of counting cumulativity, and the interaction between the two factors a case of ganging-up cumulativity. Together, the patterns result in what Hayes (2020) calls 'wug-shaped curves', a quantitative signature predicted by MaxEnt. I show in this paper that the experimental results can indeed be successfully modelled with MaxEnt, and also that Stochastic Optimality Theory faces an interesting set of challenges. The study was inspired by a proposal made within formal phonology, and reveals important previously understudied aspects of sound symbolism. In addition, it demonstrates how cumulativity is manifested in linguistic patterns. The work here shows that formal phonology and research on sound symbolism can be mutually beneficial.

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A Review of Statistics for Linguists: An Introduction using R by Bodo Winter

Shigeto Kawahara

Phonology 37 ( 3 ) 2020.10

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

音象徴の抽象性：赤ちゃん用のオムツの名付けにおける唇音.

熊谷学而・川原繁人

言語研究 157 2020.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Do sibilants fly? Evidence from a sound symbolic pattern in Pokémon names

Kawahara S., Godoy M.C., Kumagai G.

Open Linguistics (Open Linguistics) 6 ( 1 ) 386 - 400 2020.01

© 2020 Shigeto Kawahara et al., published by De Gruyter. Ancient writers, including Socrates and the Upanishads, argued that sibilants are associated with the notions of wind, air and sky. From modern perspectives, these statements can be understood as an assertion about sound symbolism, i.e., systematic connections between sounds and meanings. Inspired by these writers, this article reports on an experiment that tests a sound symbolic value of sibilants. The experiment is a case study situated within the Pokémonastics research paradigm, in which the researchers explore the sound symbolic patterns in natural languages using Pokémon names. The current experiment shows that when presented with pairs of a flying-type Pokémon character and a normal-type Pokémon character, Japanese speakers are more likely to associate the flying-type Pokémons with names that contain sibilants than those names that do not contain sibilants. As was pointed out by Socrates, the sound symbolic connection identified in the experiment is likely to be grounded in the articulatory properties of sibilants – the large amount of oral airflow that accompanies the production of sibilants. Various implications of the current experiment for the sound symbolism research are discussed throughout the article.

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What's in a villain's name? Sound symbolic values of voiced obstruents and bilabial consonants

Uno, Ryoko, Kazuko Shinohara, Yuta Hosokawa, Naho Atsumi, Gakuji Kumagai & Shigeto Kawahara

Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics (Review of Cognitive Linguistics) 18 ( 2 ) 428 - 457 2020

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 18779751

This paper reports two case studies of sound symbolism using the naturalistic name corpora of characters from Disney and Pokémon. Building upon previous studies of sound symbolism, we tested two hypotheses: (1) voiced obstruents, which are generally associated with negative images, are favored in villainous characters' names, while (2) bilabial consonants, which are symbolically associated with cuteness, are disfavored in such names. The results show that these tendencies hold in our corpora, suggesting that a concept that is as complex as “villain” can be signaled via sound symbolism. Theoretical implications for cognitive linguistics based on our results are discussed.

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Japanese perceptual epenthesis is modulated by transitional probability.

Kilpatrick, Alexander, Shigeto Kawahara, Rikke Bundgaard-Nielsen, Brett Baker & Janet Fletcher

Language and Speech (Language and Speech) 64 ( 1 ) 203 - 223 2020

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00238309

Perceptual epenthesis is the perception of illusory vowels in consonantal sequences that violate native phonotactics. The consensus has been that each language has a single, predictable candidate for perceptual epenthesis, that vowel which is most minimal (i.e., shortest and/or quietest). However, recent studies have shown that alternate epenthetic vowels can be perceived when the perceptual epenthesis of the minimal vowel would violate native co-occurrence restrictions. We propose a potential explanation for these observed patterns: speech perception, and thus also vowel perceptual epenthesis, is modulated by transitional probability whereby epenthetic vowels must conform to the language specific expectations of the listener. To test this explanation, we present two experiments examining perceptual epenthesis of two Japanese vowels—/u/ and /i/—against their transitional probability in CV sequences. In Experiment 1, Japanese listeners assigned VCCV tokens to VCuCV and VCiCV categories. In Experiment 2, participants discriminated VCCV tokens from VCuCV and VCiCV tokens. The results show that sequences where /i/ is transitionally probable are more likely to elicit /i/ perceptual epenthesis.

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Assessing the prosodic licensing of wh-in-situ in Japanese: A computational-experimental approach

Kawahara, Shigeto, Jason Shaw, and Shinichiro Ishihara (to appear)

Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 2020

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Sound symbolism and theoretical phonology

Kawahara, Shigeto

Language and Linguistic Compass 2020

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Sound symbolism and theoretical phonology

Kawahara, Shigeto

Language and Linguistic Compass 2020

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Cross cultural differences in arousal and valence perceptions of voice quality

Erickson D., Kawahara S., Rilliard A., Hayashi R., Sadanobu T., Li Y., Daikuhara H., de Moraes J., Obert K.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody (Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody) 2020-May 720 - 724 2020

ISSN 23332042

Voice quality differences [1] can convey different attitudes and emotions [2], with speakers of different languages showing different sensitivities to voice qualities, e.g., [3, 4, 5]. It remains to be explored, however, precisely which acoustic properties are perceptually associated with what emotional meanings, and whether such perceptual mappings hold universally or differ across languages. This paper offers a first step addressing these issues. Building upon the previous findings that speakers of different languages demonstrate different sensitivities to voice quality differences, the study examines particularly how the perceptions of arousal and valence are affected by different voice qualities. The current experiment reveals that speakers of the three language groups share similar ratings of arousal in association with breathy voices. Yet the valence ratings vary among the groups: Japanese and Mandarin listeners rate voices with high F0 and small OQ with positivity, whereas Brazilian Portuguese rate voices with low F0 and larger OQ with positivity. The findings of this study have applications for second language teaching, and carry over to the worlds of business, politics, and advertisement; in general, this type of research may have a potential to be useful for improving communication in cross-cultural inter-personal relationships.

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Speaking rate normalization across different talkers in the perception of Japanese stop and vowel length contrasts

Kato M., Kawahara S., Idemaru K.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody (Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody) 2020-May 61 - 65 2020

ISSN 23332042

Perception of duration is critically influenced by the speaking rate of the surrounding context. However, to what extent this speaking rate normalization depends on a specific talker's voice is still understudied. The present study investigated whether listeners' perception of temporally contrastive phonemes is influenced by the speaking rate of the surrounding context, and more importantly, whether the effect of the contextual speaking rate persists across different talkers for different types of contrasts: Japanese singleton-geminate stop contrast (/k/-/kk/) and short-long vowel contrast (/e/-/ee/). The vowel contrast carries more reliable talker information than the stop contrast; hence, listeners' rate-based adjustments may be more talker-specific for vowels than for stops. The current results showed that context speaking rate impacted the perception of the target contrast across different talkers, and this influence was evident for both types of the contrasts tested. These results suggest that listeners generalized their rate-based adjustments to different talkers' speech regardless of whether the target segment carried reliable talker information (i.e., vowel contrast) or not (i.e., stop contrast). The current results bear on the issue of how speaking rate information is processed with respect to talker information.

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ポケモン名付けにおける母音と有声阻害音効果: 実験と理論からアプローチ

熊谷学而・川原繁人

言語研究 155 2019.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

「マイボイス」を使って音声学を教える有効性について：アンケート調査の報告

川原繁人・桃生朋子

音声研究 23 22 - 25 2019.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Acoustics of the four-way laryngeal contrast in Drenjongke (Bhutia): Observations and implications

Lee, Seunghun, Shigeto Kawahara, C´eleste Guillemot & Tomoko Monou

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 23 ( 1 ) 65 - 75 2019.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Inferring Pokémon types using sound symbolism: The effects of voicing and labiality

Kawahara, Shigeto & Gakuji Kumagai

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 2019

Accounting for the stochastic nature of sound symbolism using Maximum Entropy model

Kawahara, Shigeto, Hironori Katsuda & Gakuji Kumagai

Open Linguistics (Open Linguistics) 5 ( 1 ) 109 - 120 2019

© 2019 Shigeto Kawahara et al., published by Sciendo. Sound symbolism refers to stochastic and systematic associations between sounds and meanings. Sound symbolism has not received much serious attention in the generative phonology literature, perhaps because most if not all sound symbolic patterns are probabilistic. Building on the recent proposal to analyze sound symbolic patterns within a formal phonological framework (Alderete and Kochetov 2017), this paper shows that MaxEnt grammars allow us to model stochastic sound symbolic patterns in a very natural way. The analyses presented in the paper show that sound symbolic relationships can be modeled in the same way that we model phonological patterns. We suggest that there is nothing fundamental that prohibits formal phonologists from analyzing sound symbolic patterns, and that studying sound symbolism using a formal framework may open up a new, interesting research domain. The current study also reports two hitherto unnoticed cases of sound symbolism, thereby expanding the empirical scope of sound symbolic patterns in natural languages.

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Expressing evolution in Pokémon names: Experimental explorations

Kawahara, Shigeto & Gakuji Kumagai

Journal of Japanese Linguistics (Journal of Japanese Linguistics) 35 ( 1 ) 3 - 38 2019

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. There has been a growing interest in sound symbolic patterns in natural languages, in which some sounds are associated with particular meanings. Previous corpus-based research identified some specific sound symbolic relationships in Pokémon naming patterns in Japanese (Kawahara et al. 2018b). One of the main findings was that the names of Pokémon characters are more likely to contain voiced obstruents, and are longer in terms of mora count, when the Pokémon characters undergo evolution (e.g. nyoromo → nyorozo; poppo → pijotto). The current study reports three experiments that test whether (i) these patterns are productive in the minds of general Japanese speakers, and whether (ii) the same tendency holds with English speakers. The results show that the effect of phonological length was clearly observed both with Japanese and English speakers; the effects of voiced obstruents were observed clearly with Japanese speakers, but less clearly with English speakers. Along the way, we address other general issues related to sound symbolism: (iii) to what extent the sound symbolic effects identified in Kawahara et al. (2018b) rely on familiarity with Pokémon, and (iv) whether word-initial segments invoke stronger images than word-internal segments. In addition to its research value, we emphasize that this general project on Pokémon names can be useful for undergraduate phonetics education.

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Effects of Surprisal and Entropy on vowel duration in Japanese

Shaw, Jason & Kawahara, Shigeto

Language and Speech 2019

Gotta Name’em All: an Experimental Study on the Sound Symbolism of Pokémon Names in Brazilian Portuguese

Godoy M., de Souza Filho N., de Souza J., França H., Kawahara S.

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (Journal of Psycholinguistic Research) 49 ( 5 ) 717 - 740 2019

ISSN 00906905

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Sound-symbolic patterns which relate to the perception of size were found to motivate the behavior of English and Japanese speakers in the naming of pre- and post-evolution Pokémon. The current study builds from this finding and investigates which sound-symbolic association speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) employ to name Pokémon characters. Results from 3 experiments show that vowel quality, phonological length and voiced obstruents, usually used to signal differences in size, are used to signal differences in evolution; however, the effects of voiced obstruents are not identical to what was previously observed in the behavior of Japanese speakers. We argue that although there is a universal sound symbolism associated with these sounds and the perception of largeness, its manifestation differs cross-linguistically. To the best of our knowledge, this is one the first experimental research to investigate sound symbolism and the perception of size in BP.

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Phonology and orthography: The orthographic characterization of rendaku and Lyman's Law

Kawahara S.

Glossa (Glossa) 4 ( 1 ) 2019

This paper argues that phonology and orthography go in tandem with each other to shape our phonological behavior. More concretely, phonological operations are non-trivially affected by orthography, and phonological constraints can refer to them. The specific case study comes from a morphophonological alternation in Japanese, rendaku. Rendaku is a process by which the first consonant of the second member of a compound becomes voiced (e.g., /oo/ + /tako/ → [oo+dako] 'big octopus'). Lyman's Law blocks rendaku when the second member already contains a voiced obstruent (/oo/ + /tokage/ → ∗[oo+dokage], [oo+tokage] 'big lizard'). Lyman's Law, as a constraint which prohibits a morpheme with two voiced obstruents, is also known to trigger devoicing of geminates in loanwords (e.g. /beddo/ → [betto] 'bed'). Rendaku and Lyman's Law have been extensively studied in the past phonological literature. Inspired by recent work that shows the interplay between orthographic factors and grammatical factors in shaping our phonological behaviors, this paper proposes that rendaku and Lyman's Law actually operate on Japanese orthography. Rendaku is a process that assigns dakuten diacritics, and Lyman's Law prohibits morphemes with two diacritics. The paper shows that a set of properties of rendaku and Lyman's Law follows from this proposal. However, since some aspects of rendaku and Lyman's Law are undoubtedly phonological, the ultimate conclusion is that it is most fruitful to recognize a model of phonology in which it has access to orthographic information. Several consequences of the current proposal are discussed.

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Persistence of prosody

Kawahara, Shigeto and Jason Shaw

Hana-bana. A Festschrift for Junko Ito and Armin Mester 2018.10

Research paper (other academic), Joint Work, Accepted

Assessing feature specification in surface phonological representations through simulation and classification of phonetic data

SHAW, Jason and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Phonology 35 ( 2 ) 481 - 522 2018.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

有声性の研究はなぜ重要なのか

川原繁人・高田三枝子・松浦年男・松井理直

音声研究 22 ( 2 ) 2018.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

Acquisition of sound symbolic values of vowels and voiced obstruents by Japanese children: Using a Pokémonastic paradigm

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Miwa Isobe, Yukino Kobayashi, Tomoko Monou and Reiko Okabe

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 22 ( 2 ) 2018.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Assessing surface phonological specification through simulation and classification of phonetic trajectories

Shaw J., Kawahara S.

Phonology (Phonology) 35 ( 3 ) 481 - 522 2018.08

ISSN 09526757

© Cambridge University Press 2018. Many previous studies have argued that phonology may leave some phonetic dimensions unspecified in surface representations. We introduce computational tools for assessing this possibility though simulation and classification of phonetic trajectories. The empirical material used to demonstrate the approach comes from electromagnetic articulography recordings of high-vowel devoicing in Japanese. Using Discrete Cosine Transform, tongue-dorsum movement trajectories are decomposed into a small number of frequency components (cosines differing in frequency and amplitude) that correspond to linguistically meaningful signal modulations, i.e. articulatory gestures. Stochastic generators of competing phonological hypotheses operate in this frequency space. Distributions over frequency components are used to simulate (i) the vowel-present trajectories and (ii) the vowel-absent trajectories. A Bayesian classifier trained on simulations assigns posterior probabilities to unseen data. Results indicate that /u/ is optionally produced without a vowel-height specification in Tokyo Japanese and that the frequency of such targetlessness varies systematically across phonological environments.

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Stochastic phonological knowledge and word formation in Japanese.

Kumagai, Gakuji and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan 153 57 - 84 2018.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Predictability and phonology: Past, present & future.

SHAW, Jason and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Linguistics Vanguard 2018.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Sound symbolic patterns in Pokémon names

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Atsushi Noto, and Gakuji Kumagai

Phonetica (Phonetica) 75 ( 3 ) 219 - 244 2018.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00318388

© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel. This paper presents a case study of sound symbolism, cases in which certain sounds tend to be associated with particular meanings. We used the corpus of all Japanese Pokémon names available as of October 2016. We tested the effects of voiced obstruents, mora counts, and vowel quality on Pokémon characters' size, weight, strength parameters, and evolution levels. We found that the number of voiced obstruents in Pokémon names correlates positively with size, weight, evolution levels, and general strength parameters, except for speed. We argue that this result is compatible with the frequency code hypothesis of Ohala. The number of moras in Pokémon names correlates positively with size, weight, evolution levels, and all strength parameters. Vowel height is also shown to have an influence on size and weight-Pokémon characters with initial high vowels tend to be smaller and lighter, although the effect size is not very large. Not only does this paper offer a new case study of sound symbolism, it provides evidence that sound symbolism is at work when naming proper nouns.

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The phonetic structure of Dzongkha: A preliminary study

LEE, Seunghun and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Durational vowel-coda interaction in spontaneous Japanese utterances

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Acoustical Science and Technology (Acoustical Science and Technology) 39 ( 2 ) 138 - 139 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 13463969

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Effects of Surprisal and Entropy on vowel duration in Japanese

Shaw Jason and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Language and Speech (Language and Speech) 62 ( 1 ) 80 - 114 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00238309

© The Author(s) 2017. Research on English and other languages has shown that syllables and words that contain more information tend to be produced with longer duration. This research is evolving into a general thesis that speakers articulate linguistic units with more information more robustly. While this hypothesis seems plausible from the perspective of communicative efficiency, previous support for it has come mainly from English and some other Indo-European languages. Moreover, most previous studies focus on global effects, such as the interaction of word duration and sentential/semantic predictability. The current study is focused at the level of phonotactics, exploring the effects of local predictability on vowel duration in Japanese, using the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. To examine gradient consonant-vowel phonotactics within a consonant–vowel-mora, consonant-conditioned Surprisal and Shannon Entropy were calculated, and their effects on vowel duration were examined, together with other linguistic factors that are known from previous research to affect vowel duration. Results show significant effects of both Surprisal and Entropy, as well as notable interactions with vowel length and vowel quality. The effect of Entropy is stronger on peripheral vowels than on central vowels. Surprisal has a stronger positive effect on short vowels than on long vowels. We interpret the main patterns and the interactions by conceptualizing Surprisal as an index of motor fluency and Entropy as an index of competition in vowel selection.

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Truncation in Message-Oriented Phonology: The case of Korean vocative truncation

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Seunghun Lee

Linguistics Vanguard 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Opaque allomorph selection in Japanese and Harmonic Serialism: A reply to Kurisu (2012)

Hall Erin, Jurgec Peter, and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Linguistic Inquiry 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

The lingual gesture of devoiced /u/ in Tokyo Japanese.

Shaw, Jason and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of Phonetics 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Articulation strategies for English liquids used by Japanese speakers

Moore, Jeff, Jason Shaw, KAWAHARA Shigeto, Takayuki Arai

Acoustical Science and Technology (Acoustical Science and Technology) 39 ( 2 ) 75 - 83 2018.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13463969

© 2018 The Acoustical Society of Japan. This study examines the tongue shapes used by Japanese speakers to produce the English liquids/r/ and /l/. Four native Japanese speakers of varying levels of English acquisition and one North American English speaker were recorded both acoustically and with Electromagnetic Articulography. Seven distinct articulation strategies were identified. Results indicate that the least advanced speaker uses a single articulation strategy for both sounds. Intermediate speakers used a wide range of articulations, while the most advanced non-native speaker relied on a single strategy for each sound.

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Consequences of high vowel deletion for syllabification in Japanese

SHAW Jason and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of AMP 2018.03

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

音象徴で言語学を教える: 具体的成果の紹介を通して

川原繁人・桃生朋子

Southern Review 2018.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

Phonology and orthography: The orthographic basis of rendaku and Lyman’s Law.

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Glossa 2018.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

The lingual articulation of devoiced /u/ in Tokyo Japanese

Shaw J., Kawahara S.

Journal of Phonetics (Journal of Phonetics) 66 100 - 119 2018.01

ISSN 00954470

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd In Tokyo Japanese, /u/ is typically devoiced between two voiceless consonants. Whether the lingual vowel gesture is influenced by devoicing or present at all in devoiced vowels remains an open debate, largely because relevant articulatory data has not been available. We report ElectroMagnetic Articulography (EMA) data that addresses this question. We analyzed both the trajectory of the tongue dorsum across VC 1 uC 2 V sequences as well as the timing of C 1 and C 2 . These analyses provide converging evidence that /u/ in devoicing contexts is optionally targetless—the lingual gesture is either categorically present or absent but seldom reduced. When present, the magnitude of the lingual gesture in devoiced /u/ is comparable to voiced vowel counterparts. Although all speakers produced words with and without a vowel height target for /u/, the frequency of targetlessness varied across speakers and items. The timing between C 1 and C 2 , the consonants flanking /u/ was also effected by devoicing but to varying degrees across items. The items with the greatest effect of devoicing on this inter-consonantal interval were also the items with the highest frequency of vowel height targetlessness for devoiced /u/.

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Truncation in message-oriented phonology: A case study using Korean vocative truncation

Kawahara S., Lee S.

Linguistics Vanguard (Linguistics Vanguard) 4 ( s2 ) 2018

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. This paper analyzes the vocative truncation pattern in Korean from the viewpoint of Message-Oriented Phonology (MOP), which capitalizes on the idea that sound patterns are governed by a principle that makes message transfer effective. In the traditional naming pattern, Korean first names consist of a generation marker and a unique portion, and the order between these two elements alternates between generations. To derive vocative forms, the generation marker is truncated, and the suffixal [(j)a] is attached to the unique portion. We argue that MOP naturally predicts this type of truncation. As the generation marker is shared by all the members of the same generation, the generation marker is highly predictable and hence does not reduce uncertainty about the intended message. To achieve effective communication, predictable portions are deleted. Our analysis implies that MOP is relevant not only to phonetic implementation patterns, but also to morphophonological patterns. It also provides support for MOP based on data from a non-Indo-European language. Finally, we aim to integrate insights of MOP with a more formal proposal like Optimality Theory, by relating the predictability of a contrast to the ranking of the faithfulness constraint that it protects, following the spirit of the P-map hypothesis.

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Predictability and phonology: Past, present and future

Shaw J., Kawahara S.

Linguistics Vanguard (Linguistics Vanguard) 4 ( s2 ) 2018

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Many papers in this special issue grew out of the talks given at the Symposium "The role of predictability in shaping human language sound patterns," held at Western Sydney University (Dec. 10-11, 2016). Some papers were submitted in response to an open call; others were invited contributions. This introduction aims to contextualize the papers in the special issue within a broader theoretical context, focusing on what it means for phonological theory to incorporate gradient predictability, what questions arise as a consequence, and how the papers in this issue address these questions.

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Expressing Evolution in Pokemon Names: Experimental Explorations

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Gakuji Kumagai

Journal of Japanese Linguistics 2017.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Obituary: Osamu Fujimura

Erickson, Donna and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Phonetica (Karger) 2017.12

Research paper (scientific journal)

Some aspects of Japanese consonant articulation: A preliminary EPG study

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Michinao F. Matsui

ICU Working Papers in Linguistics II 2017.12

Research paper (international conference proceedings)

声楽的発声における母音知覚—基本周波数および声楽経験の影響—

遠藤希望・川原繁人・皆川康代

音声研究 2017.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Acoustic manifestation of Russian word-final devoicing in utterance-medial position.

Matsui, Mayuki, Yosuke Igarashi, and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 2017.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

音象徴の言語学教育での有効利用に向けて:『ウルトラマンの怪獣名』と音象徴

川原繁人 and 桃生朋子

音声研究 2017.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

日本語ラップの韻分析再考二〇一七――言語分析を通して韻を考える――

川原繁人

日本語学 2017.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

ドラゴンクエストの呪文における音象徴: 音声学の広がりを目指して.

川原繁人

音声研究 21 ( 2 ) 2017.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Durational compensation within a CV mora in spontaneous Japanese: Evidence from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto

JASA-EL 2017.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Spectral continuity, amplitude changes, and perception of length contrasts.

Kawahara, Shigeto and Melanie Pangilinan

Aspects of Geminate Consonants (Oxford University Press) 13 - 33 2017.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Interaction of jaw displacement and F0 peak in syllables produced with contrastive emphasis

Erickson, Donna, Kiyoshi Honda and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Erickson, Donna, Kiyoshi Honda and Shigeto Kawahara 38 137 - 146 2017.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

On the input information of the C/D model for vowel devoicing in Japanese

Matsui, Michinao (translation by Shigeto Kawahara

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 21 2017.04

Research paper (scientific journal)

A bootstrap-based reanalysis of Zamma (2013)

KAWAHARA Shigeto

REPORTS of the Keio Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies 48 2017.03

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Single Work

Articulation, acoustics and perception of Mandarin Chinese emotional speech

Erickson, Donna, Chunyue Zhu, Shigeto Kawahara, and Atsuo Suemitsu

Open Linguistics 2 620 - 635 2017.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The phonetics of jaw displacement in Japanese vowels

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Donna Erickson, Atsuo Suemitsu

Acoustical Science and Technology 38 ( 2 ) 99 - 107 2017.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

マイボイスと大学における音声学教育

川原繁人・桃生朋子・皆川康代

音声研究 20 ( 3 ) 13 - 20 2016.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Japanese geminate devoicing once again: Insights from Information Theory

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of FAJL 8 (MITWPL) 43 ( 62 ) 2016.12

Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Takete and maluma in action: A cross-modal relationship between gestures and sounds

Shinohara, Kazuko, Naoto Yamauchi, Shigeto Kawahara, and Hideyuki Tanaka

PLoS ONE 2016.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

マイボイス・プロジェクト—自分の声を大切に考えた人たちの物語—

川原繁人・本間武蔵・吉村隆樹・荒井隆行

日本音響学会誌 72 ( 10 ) 652 - 660 2016.10

Research paper (scientific journal)

MyVoice: Rescuing voices of ALS patients

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Musashi Homma, Takaki Yoshimura, and Takayuki Arai

Acoustical Science and Technology 37 ( 5 ) 202 - 210 2016.09

Research paper (scientific journal)

The prosodic features of the "moe" and "tsun" voices

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 20 ( 2 ) 102 - 110 2016.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Rendaku and identity avoidance: Consonantal identity and moraic identity.

KAWAHARA Shigeto and SANO, Shin-ichiro

Sequential voicing in Japanese compounds: Papers from the NINJAL Rendaku Project. (John Benjamins) 47 - 55 2016.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

Experimental studies of rendaku

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Sequential voicing in Japanese compounds: Papers from the NINJAL Rendaku Project. (John Banjamins) 35 - 46 2016.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Generative treatments of rendaku and related issues

KAWAHARA Shigeto and ZAMMA, Hideki

Sequential voicing in Japanese compounds: Papers from the NINJAL Rendaku Project. 13 - 34 2016.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Articulatory correlates of metrical structure: Studying jaw displacement patterns

Erickson, Donna and Shigeto Kawahara

Linguistic Vanguard 2 2016.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Subsyllabic structures in Japanese child phonology: A preliminary study

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Phonological studies (開拓社) 19 19 - 26 2016.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

The role of the Subset Principle in L2 acquisition: A case study of Japanese and Mandarin Chinese

Monou, Tomoko and Shigeto Kawahara

REPORTS of the Keio Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies 47 113 - 141 2016.03

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

A cross-linguistic study of sound symbolism: The images of size

SHINOHARA, Kazuko and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of BLS 36 (BLS) 396 - 410 2016.02

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Psycholinguistic methodology in phonological research

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Oxford Bibliographies Online 2016.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

/p/-driven geminate devoicing in Japanese: Corpus and experimental evidence

KAWAHARA Shigeto and SANO, Shin-ichiro

Journal of Japanese Linguistics 32 2016.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Japanese has syllables: A reply to Labrune (2012).

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Phonology 33 169 - 194 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Edge prominence and dec- lination in Japanese jaw displacement patterns: A view from the C/D model

Kawahara, Shigeto, Donna Erickson & Atsuo Suemitsu

Journal of Phonetic Society of Japan 19 ( 2 ) 33 - 43 2015.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

A practical guide to calculating syllable prominence, timing and boundaries in the C/D model

Donna Erickson and Shigeto Kawahara

Journal of Phonetic Society of Japan 19 ( 2 ) 16 - 21 2015.12

Research paper (scientific journal)

The C/D model as a theory of phonetics-phonology interface

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of Phonetic Society of Japan 19 19 ( 2 ) 9 - 15 2015.12

Research paper (scientific journal)

Incomplete neutralization via paradigm uniformity and weighted constraints

BRAVER, Aaron and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of NELS (GLSA) 35 115 - 124 2015.11

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Bridging articulation and perception: The C/D model and contrastive emphasis

Erickson, Donna, Jangwon Kim, U>KAWAHARA Shigeto(/)-#HR, Caroline Menezez, Atsuo Suemitsu, Jeff Moore

Proceedings of ICPhS 2015 2015.08

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Can we use rendaku for phonological argumentation?

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Linguistic Vanguard 1 1 - 12 2015.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Geminate devoicing in Japanese loanwords: Theoretical and experimental investigations

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Language and Linguistic Compass 9 ( 4 ) 168 - 182 2015.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

A catalogue of phonological opacity in Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto

REPORTS of the Keio Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies 46 145 - 174 2015.03

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)

マイボイス:言語学が失われる声を救うために

川原繁人・本間武蔵・今関祐子・吉村隆樹・荻原萌・深澤はるか・増田斐那子・篠原和子・杉岡洋子・杉山由希子

音韻研究 18 127 - 136 2015.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Two is too much: Geminate devoicing in Japanese

Fukazawa Haruka, KAWAHARA Shigeto, Mafuyu Kitahara and Shin-ichiro Sano

Phonological Studies 18 3 - 10 2015.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The phonology of Japanese accent

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Hand- books of Japanese Language and Linguistics: Phonetics and Phonology 445 - 492 2015.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

The phonetics of sokuon, geminate obstruents

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Handbooks of Japanese Language and Linguistics: Phonetics and Phonology 43 - 73 2015.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Identification of English consonants in intervocalic contexts in multispeaker babble noise by Japanese listeners

Masuda Hinako, Arai Takayuki, Kawahara Shigeto

Acoustical Science and Technology 36 ( 1 ) 31 - 34 2015

ISSN 1346-3969

<p>A study was conducted to establish correlation between English proficiency and consonant identification ability during identification of English consonants in intervocalic contexts in multi-speaker babble noise by Japanese listeners. TOEIC scores and the number of months spent living in English-speaking countries were used to measure the Japanese participants' English proficiency. TOEIC was used to measure the Japanese participants? English proficiency, as it was widely used in Japanese universities as a means to evaluate students' English proficiency. The number of months spent in English-speaking countries was also used to investigate the correlation between English consonant identification under the assumption that listeners with a longer experience of residing in English-speaking countries were more used to and in need of perceiving English speech under a more or less adverse listening condition.</p>

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Comparing a forced-choice wug test and a naturalness judgment task: An exploration with rendaku

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Language Sciences 48 42 - 47 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Iconic inferences about personality: From sounds and shapes

Kawahara, Shigeto, Kazuko Shinohara, and Joseph Grady

Iconicity: East meets west 57 - 69 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Incomplete neutralization in Japanese monomoraic lengthening

Braver, Aaron and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Phonology 2014 2015

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

The phonetics of emphatic vowel lengthening in English

Braver, Aaron, Natalie Dresher and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Phonology 2014 2015

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Japanese /r/ is not featureless: A rejoinder to Labrune (2014)

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Open Linguistics 1 432 - 445 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Nasal place assimilation and the perceptibility of place contrasts

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Kelly Garvey

Open Linguistics 1 ( 1 ) 17 - 36 2014.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Calculating articulatory syllable duration and phrase boundaries

Erickson, Donna, KAWAHARA Shigeto, Caroline Menezes, Atsuo Suemitsu, Jangwon Kim and Yoshiho Shibuya

Proceedings of The 10th International Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP) 102 - 105 2014

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

The 'Whistled' Fricative in Xitsonga: Its Articulation and Acoustics

Lee-Kim, Sang-Im, Kawahara, Shigeto, Lee, Seunghun J.

PHONETICA 71 ( 1 ) 50 - 81 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0031-8388

Access to Document (DOI)

Durational properties of emphatically length- ened consonants in Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Aaron Braver

Journal of International Phonetic Association 44 ( 3 ) 237 - 269 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Identity avoidance and Lyman’s Law

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Shin-ichiro Sano

Lingua 150 71 - 77 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The prosody of enhanced bias in Mandarin and Japanese negative questions

Hara, Yurie, KAWAHARA Shigeto, and Yuli Feng

Lingua 150 92 - 116 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Context effect as auditory contrast

John Kingston, KAWAHARA Shigeto, Della Chambless, Michael Key, Daniel Mash, and Sarah Watsky

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 76 ( 5 ) 1437 - 1464 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Production and perception of listener-oriented clear speech in child language

Syrett Kristen and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of Child Language 41 ( 6 ) 1373 - 1389 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Jaw displacement and metrical structure in Japanese: The effect of pitch accent, foot structure, and phrasal stress

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Donna Erickson, Jeff Moore, Atsuo Suemitsu and Yoshiho Shibuya

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 18 ( 2 ) 77 - 87 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Quantifying the effects of vowel quality and preceding consonants on jaw displacement: Japanese data

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Hinako Masuda, Donna Erickson, Jeff Moore, Atsuo Suemitsu, Yoshiho Shibuya

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 18 ( 2 ) 54 - 62 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Comparison of jaw displacement patterns of Japanese and American speakers of English: A preliminary report

Donna Erickson,KAWAHARA Shigeto, Atsuo Suemitsu, Yoshiho Shibuya and Mark Tiede

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 18 ( 2 ) 88 - 94 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

日本語母語話者によるバブルノイズ下の母音間英語子音知覚—子音知覚と英語習熟度の相関関係

KAWAHARA Shigeto

日本音響学会誌 70 ( 5 ) 284 - 287 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Incomplete vowel lengthening in Japanese: A first study

Braver, Aaron and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of the 31st meeting of West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (Sommerville: Cascadilla Press) 86 - 95 2014

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Identity avoidance and rendaku

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Shinichiro Sano

Proceedings of Phonology 2013 (Online publication) 2014

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Metrical structure and jaw movement: An exploration

Erickson, Donna, KAWAHARA Shigeto, Jeff Moore, Atsuo Suemitsu, and Yoshiho Shibuya

Proceedings of Speech & Prosody 2014 300 - 303 2014

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Emphatic gemination in Japanese mimetic words: a wug-test with auditory stimuli

Kawahara, Shigeto

LANGUAGE SCIENCES 40 24 - 35 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0388-0001

Access to Document (DOI)

A corpus-based study of geminate devoicing in Japanese: linguistic factors

Kawahara, Shigeto and Shin-ichiro Sano

LANGUAGE SCIENCES 40 300 - 307 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0388-0001

Access to Document (DOI)

Testing Japanese loanword devoicing: Addressing task effects

Kawahara, Shigeto

LINGUISTICS 51 ( 6 ) 1271 - 1299 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0024-3949

Access to Document (DOI)

Frequency biases in phonological variation

Coetzee, Andries W and Shigeto Kawahara

NATURAL LANGUAGE & LINGUISTIC THEORY 31 ( 1 ) 47 - 89 2013.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0167-806X

Access to Document (DOI)

The interaction of syntax, prosody, and discourse in licensing French wh-in-situ questions

Deprez, Viviane, Syrett, Kristen and Kawahara, Shigeto

LINGUA 124 4 - 19 2013.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0024-3841

Access to Document (DOI)

The emergence of the unmarked in L2 acquisition: Interpreting null subjects

Monou, Tomoko and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics 14 (Hitsuji Shoboo: Tokyo) 181-200 2013

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

A corpus-based study of geminate devoicing in Japanese: The role of the OCP and external factors

Sano, Shin-ichiro and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of Linguistic Society of Japan 144 103 - 118 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The phonetics of emphatic vowel lengthening in Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Aaron Braver

Open Journal of Modern Linguistics 3 ( 2 ) 141 - 148 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The acoustics and perception of Japanese special moras

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan 69 ( 4 ) 191 - 196 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Lyman's Law is active in loanwords and nonce words: Evidence from naturalness judgment studies

Kawahara, Shigeto

LINGUA 122 ( 11 ) 1193 - 1206 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0024-3841

Access to Document (DOI)

The productivity of a root-initial accenting suffix, [-zu]: judgement studies

Kawahara, Shigeto and Kao, Sophia

NATURAL LANGUAGE & LINGUISTIC THEORY 30 ( 3 ) 837 - 857 2012.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0167-806X

Access to Document (DOI)

The prosody of public evidence in Japanese: A rating study

Hara, Yurie and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of the 29th meeting of West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (Sommerville: Cascadilla Press.) 353 - 361 2012

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

A review of The phonology of Japanese by Laurence Labrune

Kawahara, Shigeto

PHONOLOGY 29 ( 3 ) 540 - 548 2012

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, ISSN 0952-6757

Access to Document (DOI)

Auditory Contrast versus Compensation for Coarticulation: Data from Japanese and English Listeners

Kingston, John, Kawahara, Shigeto, Mash, Daniel, Chambless, Della

LANGUAGE AND SPEECH 54 499 - 525 2011.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0023-8309

Access to Document (DOI)

Japanese loanword devoicing revisited: a rating study

Kawahara, Shigeto

NATURAL LANGUAGE & LINGUISTIC THEORY 29 ( 3 ) 705 - 723 2011.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0167-806X

Access to Document (DOI)

Aspects of Japanese loanword devoicing

Kawahara, Shigeto

JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS 20 ( 2 ) 169 - 194 2011.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0925-8558

Access to Document (DOI)

Phonetic and psycholinguistic prominences in pun formation: Experimental evidence for positional faithfulness

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Kazuko Shinohara

Japanese/Korean Linguistics (Stanford: CSLI) 18 177 - 188 2011

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Experimental approaches in theoretical phonology

KAWAHARA Shigeto

The Blackwell Companion to Phonology (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell) 2283 - 2303 2011

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Emphatic stress as epistemic conflict: A case study of Mandarin Chinese

Hara, Yurie, KAWAHARA Shigeto, and Yuli Feng

Proceedings of Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics (LENLS) 8 13 - 26 2011

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Calculating vocalic similarity through puns

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Kazuko Shinohara

RuLing Papers 3 179 - 198 2010

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

On the existence of root-initial-accenting suffixes: an elicitation study of Japanese [-zu]

Kawahara, Shigeto and Wolf, Matthew

LINGUISTICS 48 ( 4 ) 837 - 864 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0024-3949

Access to Document (DOI)

Calculating vocalic similarity through puns

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Kazuko Shinohara

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 13 ( 3 ) 101 - 110 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Contextual effects on the perception of duration

Kingston, John, Kawahara, Shigeto, Chambless, Della, Mash, Daniel, Brenner-Alsop, Eve

JOURNAL OF PHONETICS 37 ( 3 ) 297 - 320 2009.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0095-4470

Access to Document (DOI)

The role of psychoacoustic similarity in Japanese puns: A corpus study

Kawahara, Shigeto and Shinohara, Kazuko

JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS 45 ( 1 ) 111 - 138 2009.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0022-2267

Access to Document (DOI)

Probing knowledge of similarity through puns

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Sophia University Linguistic Society (Tokyo: Sophia University Linguistics Society.) 23 111 - 138 2009

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Single Work

Faithfulness, correspondence, and perceptual similarity: Hypotheses and experiments

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 13 ( 2 ) 52 - 61 2009

Research paper (scientific journal)

Hiatus resolution in Hiroshima Japanese

Hara, Yurie and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of North East Linguistic Society (Amherst: GLS) 38 475 - 486 2009

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Phonetic naturalness and unnaturalness in Japanese loanword phonology

Kawahara, Shigeto

JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS 17 ( 4 ) 317 - 330 2008.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0925-8558

Access to Document (DOI)

On the proper treatment of non-crisp-edges

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Japanese/Korean Linguistics (Stanford: CSLI) 13 55 - 67 2008

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Single Work

The intonation of gapping and coordination in Japanese: Evidence for Intonational Phrase and Utterance

Kawahara, Shigeto and Shinya, Takahito

PHONETICA 65 ( 1-2 ) 62 - 105 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0031-8388

Access to Document (DOI)

Deaccenting, MAXIMIZE PRESUPPOSITION　and evidential scale

Hara Yurie and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Speech and Prosody 2008 509 - 512 2008

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Accepted

Half rhymes in Japanese rap lyrics and knowledge of similarity

Kawahara, Shigeto

JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS 16 ( 2 ) 113 - 144 2007.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0925-8558

Access to Document (DOI)

Sonorancy and geminacy

KAWAHARA Shigeto

University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 32: Papers　in Optimality Theory III (Amherst: GLSA) 145 - 186 2007

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Single Work

Lexical cues to foreignness in Japanese

Gelbert Ben and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Formal Approaches to Japanese Linguistics (Cambridge: MITW) 4 49 - 60 2007

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

The role of psychoacoustic similarity in Japanese imperfect puns

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Kazuko Shinohara

University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics (Amherst: GLSA.) 36 111 - 133 2007

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

Copying and spreading in phonological theory: Evidence from echo epenthesis

KAWAHARA Shigeto

University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 32: Papers in Optimality Theory III (Amherst: GLSA.) 111 - 143 2007

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Single Work

A faithfulness ranking projected from a perceptibility scale: The case of [plus voice] in Japanese

Kawahara, Shigeto

LANGUAGE 82 ( 3 ) 536 - 574 2006.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0097-8507

Mimetic gemination in Japanese: A challenge for Evolutionary Phonology

Kawahara, Shigeto

THEORETICAL LINGUISTICS 32 ( 3 ) 411 - 424 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, ISSN 0301-4428

Access to Document (DOI)

Consonant co-occurrence restritions in Yamato Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Hajime Ono, and Kiyoshi Sudo

Japanese/Korean Linguistics (Stanford: CSLI) 14 27 - 38 2006

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

The intonation of gapping and coordination in Japanese: Evidence for Intonational Phrase

KAWAHARA Shigeto and Takahito Shinya

University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 30: Papers on Prosody (Amherst: GLSA) 91 - 127 2005

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

Japanese honorifics as emotive definite descriptions

Potts, Christopher and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (Ithaca: CLC) 14 253 - 270 2005

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

Voicing and geminacy in Japanese: An acoustic and perceptual study

KAWAHARA Shigeto

University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 31: Papers in Experimental Phonetics and Phonology (Amherst: GLSA.) 87 - 120 2005

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Single Work

Rhythmic boost and recursive minor phrases in Japanese

Shinya, Takahito, Elisabeth Selkirk KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2004 345 - 348 2004

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Locality in echo epenthesis: Comparison with reduplication

KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society (Amherst: GLS) 34 295 - 309 2004

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Single Work

Phonological and phonetic effects of minor phrases length on f0 in Japanese

Selkirk, Elisabeth, Takahito Shinya, and KAWAHARA Shigeto

Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2004 183 - 186 2004

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Unveiling the unmarkedness of Sino-Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Kohei Nishimura, and Hajime Ono

Japanese/Korean Linguistics (Stanford: CS) 12 140 - 151 2003

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work

A gap in the interpretation of embedded tense in Japanese

KAWAHARA Shigeto, Makoto Kadowaki and Kazuko Yatsushiro

Snippets 7 11 - 12 2003

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Positional faithfulness theory and the emergence of the unmarked: The case of Kagoshima Japanese.

Kaneko Ikuyo and KAWAHARA Shigeto

ICU English Studies (Tokyo: ICU) 11 18 - 36 2002

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

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