Sano, Tomohiko

写真a

Affiliation

Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering ( Yagami )

Position

Assistant Professor/Senior Assistant Professor

 

Papers 【 Display / hide

  • Buckling of knitted fabric wrapped around a rigid cylinder

    K Tajiri, TG Sano

    Journal of Applied Mechanics 93 (5), 051004 93 ( 5 )  2026.05

    Accepted,  ISSN  00218936

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    Knitted fabrics exhibit high flexibility due to their periodic loop structures formed by bent yarns. Under compressive loading, they develop three-dimensional (3D) wrinkling patterns that reflect nonlinear interactions between yarn elasticity and local loop deformations, as observed when the sleeves of a sweater are rolled up. Despite their widespread use in garments and medical textiles, the relationship between loop-level geometry and macroscopic buckling remains less understood. Here, we investigate the 3D deformation of knitted fabrics wrapped around a rigid cylinder under uniaxial compression. Circumferential and axial stitch numbers are systematically varied to determine how loop geometry affects the evolution of wrinkle patterns. Samples with a small number of circumferential stitches exhibit sequential wrinkle formation from the compressed end, leading to an accordion-like wrinkle pattern, whereas those with a larger number of stitches form helical wrinkles simultaneously across the surface. Wrinkle morphology changes progressively with stitch geometry, accompanied by systematic variations in compressive force, loop deformation, and helical wrinkle angle. The development of helical wrinkles originates from subtle structural asymmetries introduced during manufacturing processes, including the tension applied during knitting and the direction of sample assembly. These results demonstrate that small variations in local loop deformation can lead to substantial differences in wrinkle morphology, highlighting the sensitivity of macroscopic buckling to microscopic structural features. The study establishes a direct link between loop-level mechanics and global deformation behavior, providing a basis for the predictive design of knitted structures with tailored mechanical responses and complex 3D patterns.

  • Sliding of a cylindrical shell into a rigid hole

    Y Matsumoto, K Yoshida, TG Sano

    Physical Review E 113 (3), 035501 113 ( 3 )  2026.03

    Accepted,  ISSN  24700045

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    Fitting two different materials is a versatile methodology in manufacturing complex structures. One of the canonical models for fitting is the snap-fit model, in which flexible materials and rigid structures are assembled by pushing their interlocking components together. The assembly via snap-fit is often accompanied by large deformations of flexible structures and abrupt force drops, highlighting the role of elasticity, geometry, and contact friction. Despite several model studies revealing fundamental mechanics for snap-fit, the current snap-fit design relies on prototyping and empirical rules. In this paper, we analyze a snap-fit model in which a naturally curved beam slips into a rigid hole. We construct an analytical model based on the theory of elastica with contact friction and demonstrate that its predictions are in excellent quantitative agreement with both simulations and experiments. We find three distinct sliding modes: folding, pinning, and unfolding. The classification is systematically organized in a phase diagram based on the geometric parameters of the shells and the hole. Our study complements existing approaches by providing a predictive framework for contact-based structures that involve friction, elasticity, and geometry, and sheds light on a unified understanding of the interactions between an elastic and a rigid body.

  • (Dis) continuous buckling transition in elastic shell mediated by contact

    T Abe, TG Sano

    Physical Review Research 8 (1), 013065 8 ( 1 )  2026.01

    Accepted,  ISSN  26431564

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    Snap buckling is a rapid shape transition in slender structures, appearing as a fundamental switching mechanism of natural and man-made systems. Boundary conditions of structures are crucial to predict and control their snap buckling behavior. However, the general framework that relates boundary conditions, geometry, and performance of structures is still absent to date. Here, we study the snap buckling of hemispherical shells in contact with rigid cylinders of different diameters to uncover the roles of boundary conditions in dynamic performance of shells. Specifically, we analyze the jumping dynamics of the pneumatically inverted shells placed on the rigid cylinder by combining experiments and analytical theory. We find the characteristic diameter of the cylinder determined from the shell geometry that can switch between continuous and discontinuous buckling associated with the jumping behavior. The analytical predictions for jumping performance of the shell supplemented with the characteristic diameter are in excellent agreement with our experimental results. Our study clarifies that contact geometry is crucial in predicting the pathway of snap buckling, indicating that dynamic performance of soft robots would be optimized by tuning their surface geometry.

  • Where Humpty Dumpty Breaks: Geometry-Driven Fracture in Ellipsoidal Shells

    N Sekiya, Y Akiba, K Kageyama, H Nagatakiya, R Tarumi, TG Sano

    arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.23349  2026

    Accepted

  • Twist deformation of physical trefoil knots

    T Goto, S Nomura, TG Sano

    Extreme Mechanics Letters 78, 102369 78 2025.08

    Accepted

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    Knots across various length scales, from micro to macro-scales, such as polymers, DNA, shoelaces, and surgery, serving their unique mechanical properties. The shapes of ideal knots have been extensively studied in the context of knot theory, while those of physical knots have only been recently discussed in the literature. The complex interplay of elasticity and geometry, such as bending, twisting, and contact, needs to be disentangled to predict their deformation. Still, the unified understanding of the deformation of physical knots is insufficient. Here, we focus on the trefoil knot, a closed knot with a nontrivial topology, and study the relationship between the shapes of the trefoil knot and applied physical twists, combining experiments and simulations. As we twist the elastomeric rod, the knot becomes either tightened or loosened, preserving the original three-fold symmetry, and then buckles and exhibits symmetry breaking at critical angles. The curvature profiles computed through the X-ray tomography (μCT) analysis also exhibit similar symmetry breaking. The transition would be triggered by the mechanical instability, where the imposed twist energy is converted into the bending energy. The phase transition observed here is analogous to the classical buckling phenomena of elastic rings known as the Michell instability. We find that the twist buckling instability of the trefoil knot results from the interplay of bending, twisting, and contact properties of the rod. In other words, the buckling of the knot is predictable based on the elasticity and geometry of rods, which would be useful in avoiding or even utilizing their buckling in practical engineering applications such as surgery and the shipping industry.

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Papers, etc., Registered in KOARA 【 Display / hide

Reviews, Commentaries, etc. 【 Display / hide

  • Erratum: Twist-Induced Snapping in a Bent Elastic Rod and Ribbon [Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>122</b> , 114301 (2019)]

    Tomohiko G. Sano, Hirofumi Wada

    Physical Review Letters (American Physical Society (APS))  129 ( 6 )  2022.08

    ISSN  00319007

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    After the publication of this Letter, the authors realized a mistake in the analysis of the linear response theory. On page 3, left column, we stated, “Retaining the terms up to the quadratic orders in Erod and taking the flat-ribbon limit h/w?0, we arrive at the Euler-Lagrange equations for ? and ? as ?'=?/R and ?'' '' - ( G - 2 ) ? '' / R 2 + ? / R 4 = 0 , where G=(1+?)/2.” The correct form of the Euler-Lagrange equation for ?(s) should be the following: (Formula Presented). he quadratic term -A2?2/(2R2) was incorrectly omitted in the expansion of elastic energy Erod . Including that term leads to a modified third term (1-G)?/R4 in the left-hand side of Eq. (1). We updated the Supplemental Material, which now provides the correct analytical solution of Eq. (1) for arbitrary G. In the G?0 limit, the solution correctly reduces to Eq. (2) defined in this Letter. All other equations and analyses are correct; hence, the conclusions remain unchanged.

  • Stochastic Mean Field Model of Heat Engine partitioned by Fluctuating Piston

    Tomohiko G. Sano, Hisao Hayakawa

     2014.12

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    We propose a stochastic mean field model of heat engine partitioned by a<br />
    finite-mass piston. The time evolution equations for the density and the<br />
    temperature of the enclosed gas are proposed, taking into account the<br />
    stochastic equation of motion of the piston, and the energy conservation for<br />
    the gas. Though the heat cycle consisting of finite-time heating and cooling<br />
    processes is under strong non-equilibrium situations, i. e., the ratio of<br />
    temperatures of two reservoirs is large, we analyze the efficiency and the<br />
    power, and derive the semi-analytical expression for the efficiency. We find<br />
    that the obtained efficiency at the maximum power operation is close to the<br />
    Chambadal-Novikov-Curzon-Ahlborn (CNCA) efficiency, if the piston is<br />
    sufficiently heavy and elastic for collisions with particles, even when the<br />
    system is far from equilibrium. However, the extra heat due to the finiteness<br />
    of the piston-mass or its inelasticity lowers the efficiency from the CNCA<br />
    efficiency. The results of our stochastic mean field model are consistent with<br />
    those for our event driven molecular dynamics simulation.

  • 9aAY-6 Granular rotor : Is is possible to infer athermal granular fluctuation from the dynamics of the rotor?

    Sano Tomohiko, Kanazawa Kiyoshi, Sagawa Takahiro, Hayakawa Hisao

    Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan (The Physical Society of Japan (JPS))  69 ( 2 ) 160 - 160 2014.08

    ISSN  1342-8349

  • 29pBD-11 Microscopic derivation of non-Gaussian Langevin equations

    Kanazawa Kiyoshi, Sano Tomohiko, Sagawa Takahiro, Hayakawa Hisao

    Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan (The Physical Society of Japan (JPS))  69 ( 1 ) 356 - 356 2014.03

    ISSN  1342-8349

  • 29pBD-12 Fluctuating Heat Engine under Dry Friction

    Sano Tomohiko, Hayakawa Hisao

    Meeting abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan (The Physical Society of Japan (JPS))  69 ( 1 ) 356 - 356 2014.03

    ISSN  1342-8349

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Research Projects of Competitive Funds, etc. 【 Display / hide

  • High-resolution Magnetic Patterning for Soft Robotics

    2024.04
    -
    2028.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), No Setting

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    ソフトロボティクス分野の発展とともに柔軟な駆動構造に注目が集まっている.その中でも外部からの磁場により駆動する磁性柔軟材料は,配線なしに空間を介してエネルギー供給可能であり複雑な動きを生み出すことができるため,体内で駆動可能な医療ロボットへの応用等が期待されている.本研究では微細化可能な高い解像度および設計自由度を有する駆動構造作製プロセスを開発する.同時に,幾何学的に非線形な3次元変形を数理的に予測可能な理論的枠組みを構築し,設計手法を完成させる.最終的に,生体の繊毛群挙動や軟体動物腹足類の這行運動を例に取り上げ,柔軟な駆動体の大変形を磁場によって精緻に制御可能であることを実証する.
    2024年度の研究では,シリコーンゴムをベースとした磁場駆動構造において,繊毛群の協調運動を実現しました.また,pneumaticな変形とのハイブリッド駆動方式を新たに提案しました.さらに,ゲル材料の駆動に関する研究では磁場駆動以外の変形についても検討しつつ,ゲル材料の磁化パターニングに関する研究も遂行しました.レーザを用いた新しいプロセスを改良しすることで,50マイクロメートル程度の高い解像度を達成しました.さらに,ゲルとレジンとの接着技術も確立しました.これらの成果により,柔軟な駆動構造の設計と制御に関する知見が大きく進展しました.
    今後,これらの成果を基盤とし,さらなる高解像度化と人工繊毛群の応用研究を進めていきます.具体的にはシリコーンゴムをベースとした磁場駆動構造の解像度をさらに向上させ,より精密な動作制御を実現することを目指します.ゲル材料の磁化パターニング技術についても,解像度の向上とプロセスの最適化を図ります,人工繊毛群への応用研究を進めます.
    2024年度の研究では,シリコーンゴムをベースとした磁場駆動構造において,繊毛群の協調運動を実現することに成功しました.この成果はシリコーンゴムの柔軟性と磁場による駆動の特性を活かし,複雑な動きを精密に制御することが可能であることを示しています.さらに,オプショナルな研究としてpneumaticな駆動様式とのハイブリッド駆動法を新たに提案しました.このハイブリッド方式は磁場駆動と空気圧駆動の両方の利点を組み合わせることで,より多様かつ自由度の高いな動作を実現できます.
    また,ゲル材料の駆動に関する研究では,磁場駆動以外の変形についても検討しました.これにより,ゲル材料の多様な応用可能性が広がり,より柔軟で適応性の高い駆動構造の設計が可能となりました.特にゲル材料の磁化パターニングに関する研究ではレーザを用いた新しいプロセスを改良し,50マイクロメートル程度の高い磁化パターニング解像度を達成しました.この高解像度の磁化パターニング技術は,微細な構造を精密に制御するための重要なステップとなります.
    さらに,ゲルとレジンとの接着技術も確立しました.この技術は,異なる材料間の強固な接着を可能にし,今後の多様な駆動製造の作製において重要な役割を果たします.これらの成果により,柔軟な駆動構造の設計と制御に関する知見が大きく進展し,特にバイオ流体系への応用可能性がさらに広がりました.
    今後の計画では,昨年度の成果を基盤とし,さらなる高解像度化を目指すとともに人工繊毛群の応用研究を進めていく予定です.具体的には,磁場駆動構造の解像度をさらに向上させ,より精密な動作制御を実現することを目指します.これにより,マイクロチップ上でのバイオ系流体研究分野などの応用研究を進めます.
    また,昨年度に提案したpneumaticな変形とのハイブリッド駆動方式についても,さらなる検証と改良を行います.このハイブリッド方式は磁場駆動と空気圧駆動の利点を組み合わせることでより多様な動作を実現できるため,応用範囲を広げることに期待できます.
    さらに,ゲル材料の磁化パターニング技術についても解像度の向上とプロセスの最適化を図ります.特に50マイクロメートル以下の微細な構造を精密に制御するための技術開発を進め,より高度な駆動構造の設計を目指します.
    人工繊毛群の応用研究についても,生体模倣技術の発展に寄与することを目指します.柔軟な駆動構造の設計と制御に関する知見がさらに深まり,バイオメディカル分野での新たな応用の可能性を広げることを目指します.

  • 高速計算と精密実験がひもとく幾何学材料の相転移機構の解明

    2022
    -
    2028

    科学技術振興機構, 戦略的な研究開発の推進/創発的研究支援事業, No Setting

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    モノの変形を記述する「力学」の礎が築かれて以来、力学は様々な分野に派生しています。ここ20年では構造の不安定性を既知のものとし、逆に新たな力学的機能が発現したとみなすパラダイムシフトを経て、力学は新たな展開を見せています。私は薄い構造物のしなやかさと幾何学に着目し、構造同士がお互いに力を及ぼし合うことにより創発される新奇な力応答のメカニズムを精密実験、理論、数値計算を組み合わせて明らかにすることを目指します。

  • Designing principles of mechanical metamaterials based on the studies of heterogeneous elastic materials

    2018.04
    -
    2024.03

    MEXT,JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists , Principal investigator

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    複雑な内部自由度をもつ構造物の力学応答をデザインする指針を明らかにする。一般に、自然な構造物では通常起こり得ない特異な力学特性を示す材料は、メカニカルメタマテリアルと呼ばれる。構造を圧縮すると通常は圧縮方向に垂直にふくらむ(ポアソン比が正)が、逆に垂直にも縮むもの(ポアソン比が負)が例として挙げられる。メカニカルメタマテリアルは対称性の高い内部構造を用いて開発されており、その非対称性や乱れが全体に与える影響は明らかにされていない。本研究は構造の乱れと不均一性がメカニカルメタマテリアルに与える影響を系統的に考察することにより、力学応答を自在にデザインするための指針を解明する。
    本研究はくしゃくしゃに丸めた紙に代表される内部構造を持つ弾性材料の力学特性を明らかにすることを目的にしている。初年度は、丸めた紙の皺を系統的に生成する方法を確立し、皺が発生する過程での力学的性質を実験的に明らかにした。同じ直径の金属柱を二つ用意し、一つをリニアステージに取り付ける。そしてもう一つをロードセルと共に光学定盤に固定する。金属柱に紙(Mylar sheet)を巻きつけ、巻きつけた紙を金属柱より少し大きな直径をもつアクリル円筒内に入れ、紙のもう一端を光学定盤に固定した金属柱に固定する。リニアステージの変位制御により、巻きつけた紙に対して圧縮と伸張を繰り返し、その際に発生する力を変位の関数として測定した。この繰り返しにより系統的に皺を発生することができる。ロードセルで測定した力変位曲線の結果から、皺を発生させる力にも先行研究で知られている「皺の全長」と圧縮伸張回数の関係に類似した関係式が実験的に得られた。紙に皺を発生させるという一見乱雑な過程にも普遍的な数理構造があることが示唆された。研究成果は未だ公表に至っていないが、共同研究者との議論を重ね解析を続けている。またアメリカ物理学会に参加し関連研究の情報収集を行なった。
    内部構造を持つ弾性材料の簡単な問題として、円筒に切れ込みを入れたシェル構造体の力学特性を定量的にあきらかにした。切れ込みの入った円筒は、切れ込みのない円筒の場合と比べ、変形の緩和長が大きくなることがわかった。切り紙のような構造デザインを考える際の指針になりうると考えている。

 

Courses Taught 【 Display / hide

  • DOCTORAL RESEARCH ON MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    2026

  • GRADUATE RESEARCH ON INTEGRATED DESIGN ENGINEERING 2

    2026

  • GRADUATE RESEARCH ON ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1

    2026

  • MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICAL RESEARCH C

    2026

  • GRADUATE RESEARCH ON MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1

    2026

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