論文 - 岡村　智教

Relationship between thin physique at 6 years and metabolic disease risks in middle-aged Japanese women: The Suita study

Katsuragi S., Okamura T., Kokubo Y., Watanabe M., Higashiyama A., Ikeda T., Miyamoto Y.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research （Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research）  46 （ 3 ） 517 - 526 2020年03月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  13418076

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© 2020 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aim: We previously reported that female babies born small developed cardiovascular risks in middle age. The present study was conducted using the same cohort to examine the relationship between physique at 6 years and the metabolic disease risk in middle age. Methods: Data collected from 721 women aged 41–69 years who underwent a medical examination at a single institution between 2007 and 2008 were retrospectively examined. We collected data from medical examinations and a questionnaire on physique (thin, normal, and fat) at 6 years. The relationship between birthweight and physique at 6 years was investigated. Results: Among females who were born small (< 2500 g), 80%, 16%, and 4% became thin, normal, or fat, respectively, by 6 years. Physique at 6 years had a negative relationship with future triglyceride, fasting glucose, HbA1C, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and a positive relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Although our findings may be specific to the study population, physique at 6 years had a negative relationship with the metabolic disease risk in middle-aged Japanese women. Insulin and MOMA-IR levels negatively correlated with physique at 6 years, and development from low birthweight infants to childhood obesity was rare in this cohort.

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Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Are Associated With Lower Cognitive Function, With a Threshold in Non-Diabetic Individuals: A Population-Based Study

Liu Ziyi, Zaid Maryam, Hisamatsu Takashi, Tanaka Sachiko, Fujiyoshi Akira, Miyagawa Naoko, Ito Takahiro, Kadota Aya, Tooyama Ikuo, Miura Katsuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Miura Katsuyaki, Horie Minoru, Yamamoto Takashi, Hayashi Hideki, Nakano Yasutaka, Ogawa Emiko, Maegawa Hiroshi, Miyazawa Itsuko, Murata Kiyoshi, Mitsunami Kenichi, Nozaki Kazuhiko, Shiino Akihiko, Tsuru Teruhiko, Ogita Hisakazu, Shimizu Akio, Miyamatsu Naomi, Kita Toru, Kimura Takeshi, Nishio Yoshihiko, Nakamura Yasuyuki, Okamura Tomonori, Sekikawa Akira, Barinas-Mitchell Emma J. M., Edmundowicz Daniel, Ohkubo Takayoshi, Hozawa Atsushi, Murakami Yoshitaka, Okuda Nagako, Arima Hisatomi, Kita Yoshikuni, Higashiyama Aya, Nagasawa Shinya, Azuma Koichiro, Yanagita Masahiko, Abbott Robert D., Takashima Naoyuki, Ohno Seiko, Kadowaki Takashi, Kadowaki Sayaka, Kondo Keiko, Torii Sayuki, Saito Yoshino, Suzuki Sentaro, Satoh Atsushi, Yamazoe Masahiro

JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 30 （ 3 ） 121 - 127 2020年03月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  0917-5040

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Relationship between calcium intake and impaired activities of daily living in a Japanese population: NIPPON DATA90.

Kogure M, Tsuchiya N, Narita A, Hirata T, Nakaya N, Nakamura T, Hozawa A, Hayakawa T, Okuda N, Miyagawa N, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Murakami Y, Sakata K, Miura K, Okayama A, Okamura T, Ueshima H

Journal of epidemiology （Journal of Epidemiology）  31 （ 1 ） 119 - 124 2020年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  0917-5040

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© 2020 Mana Kogure et al. Background: Major reasons for long-term care insurance certification in Japan are stroke, dementia, and fracture. These diseases are reported to be associated with calcium intake. This study examined the association between calcium intake and impaired activities of daily living (ADL) using the data from NIPPON DATA90, consisting of representative sample of the Japanese population. Methods: A population-based nested case-control study was performed. A baseline survey was conducted in 1990, followed by ADL surveys of individuals ≥65 years old in 2000. Individuals with impaired ADL and selected age-and sex-matched controls were then identified. We obtained 132 pairs. Calcium intake was energy-adjusted using the residual method. The association between calcium intake and impaired ADL was examined using conditional logistic regression models. To assess the accuracy of the estimates, we conducted bootstrap analyses. Results: The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for impaired ADL compared with the group with a calcium intake of <476 mg/day were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–1.40) for the 476–606 mg/day group and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.21–0.94) for the ≥607 mg/ day group in 2000 (P for linear trend = 0.03). After the bootstrap analyses, the inverse relationship unchanged (median OR per 100-mg rise in calcium intake, 0.87 [1,000 resamplings]; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97). Conclusions: After bootstrap analyses, calcium intake was inversely associated with impaired ADL 10 years after the baseline survey.

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Development of a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Model Using the Suita Study, a Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Japan.

Nakai M, Watanabe M, Kokubo Y, Nishimura K, Higashiyama A, Takegami M, Nakao YM, Okamura T, Miyamoto Y

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis （Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis）  27 （ 11 ） 1160 - 1175 2020年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  1340-3478

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© 2020 Japan Atherosclerosis Society. Aim: To construct a risk prediction model for cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on the Suita study, an urban Japanese cohort study, and compare its accuracy against the Framingham CVD risk score (FRS) model. Methods: After excluding participants with missing data or those who lost to follow-up, this study consisted of 3,080 men and 3,470 women participants aged 30–79 years without CVD at baseline in 1989–1999. The main outcome of this study was incidence of CVD, defined as the incidence of stroke or coronary heart disease. Multi-variable Cox proportional hazards models with stepwise selection were used to develop the prediction model. To assess model performance, concordance statistics (C-statistics) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were cal-culated using a bootstrap procedure. A calibration test was also conducted. Results: During a median follow-up period of 16.9 years, 351 men and 241 women developed CVD. We for-mulated risk models with and without electrocardiogram (ECG) data that included age, sex, systolic blood pres-sure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and urinary protein as risk factors. The C-statistics of the Suita CVD risk models with ECG data (0.782; 95% CI, 0.766–0.799) and without ECG data (0.781; 95% CI, 0.765–0.797) were significantly higher than that of the FRS model (0.768; 95% CI, 0.750–0.785). Conclusions: The Suita CVD risk model is feasible to use and improves predictability of the incidence of CVD relative to the FRS model in Japan.

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Relationship of household salt intake level with long-term all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80

Shima A., Miyamatsu N., Miura K., Miyagawa N., Okuda N., Yoshita K., Kadota A., Suzuki H., Kondo K., Okamura T., Okayama A., Ueshima H., Saitoh S., Sakata K., Hozawa A., Hayakawa T., Nakamura Y., Nishi N., Ohkubo T., Kasagi F., Murakami Y., Izumi T., Matsumura Y., Ojima T., Tamakoshi K., Nakagawa H., Kita Y., Fujiyoshi A., Nakamura Y., Miyamoto Y., Kodama K., Kiyohara Y.

Hypertension Research （Hypertension Research）  43 （ 2 ） 132 - 139 2020年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  09169636

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© 2019, The Japanese Society of Hypertension. In Asian countries, a major source of salt intake is from seasoning or table salt added at home. However, little is known about the adverse effects of salt intake evaluated according to household unit. We investigated the relationship between household salt intake level and mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Participants included 8702 individuals (56% women) who were living with someone else and who were aged 30–79 years and enrolled in the National Nutritional Survey of Japan in 1980 with a 24-year follow-up. Household nutrient intake was evaluated using a 3-day weighing record method in which all foods and beverages consumed by any of the household members were recorded. The household salt intake level was defined as the amount of salt consumed (g) per 1000 kcal of total energy intake in each household, and its average was 6.25 (2.02) g/1000 kcal. During the follow-up, there were 2360 deaths (787 CVD, 168 coronary heart disease [CHD], and 361 stroke). Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) for an increment of 2 g/1000 kcal in household salt intake were calculated and adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, self-reported work exertion level, household potassium intake, household saturated fatty acid intake, and household long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. The HRs (95% confidence intervals) were 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) for all-cause mortality, 1.11 (1.03, 1.19) for CVD, 1.25 (1.08, 1.44) for CHD, and 1.12 (1.00, 1.25) for stroke. The household salt intake level was significantly associated with long-term risk of all-cause, CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality in a representative Japanese population.

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Relationship between carbohydrate and dietary fibre intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese: 24-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80

Miyazawa I., Miura K., Miyagawa N., Kondo K., Kadota A., Okuda N., Fujiyoshi A., Chihara I., Nakamura Y., Hozawa A., Nakamura Y., Kita Y., Yoshita K., Okamura T., Okayama A., Ueshima H.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition （European Journal of Clinical Nutrition）  74 （ 1 ） 67 - 76 2020年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  09543007

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© 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Background/Objectives: The association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been investigated, but whether the quality of carbohydrate is more important than its amount is not known. We examined the associations between intake of dietary fibre (DF), carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and starch with long-term CVD mortality in a Japanese population. Subjects/Methods: We prospectively followed 8925 participants (3916 men and 5009 women) aged 30–79 years without CVD at baseline who participated in the National Nutrition Survey in Japan. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality by quartiles of exposure variables. Results: During 24 years of follow-up, 823 CVD deaths were observed. In men, the multivariable-adjusted HR for CVD mortality was lower in the highest quartile of DF intake (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47–0.87; Ptrend = 0.007) compared with the lowest quartile. This association was not significant in women. Multivariable-adjusted HR for total stroke mortality was lower in the highest quartile of DF intake (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.98; Ptrend = 0.046) compared with the lowest quartile in women. Carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and starch intake were not associated with CVD mortality. Conclusions: Higher intake of DF was associated significantly with a lower risk of CVD mortality in men and lower risk of stroke mortality in women. Intake of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and starch were not associated with the risk of CVD mortality in men or women.

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Dietary inflammatory index positively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in Japanese from NIPPON data2010

Yang Y., Hozawa A., Kogure M., Narita A., Hirata T., Nakamura T., Tsuchiya N., Nakaya N., Ninomiya T., Okuda N., Kadota A., Ohkubo T., Okamura T., Ueshima H., Okayama A., Miura K.

Journal of Epidemiology （Journal of Epidemiology）  30 （ 2 ） 98 - 107 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  09175040

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© 2019 Yunqing Yang et al. Background: It has been reported that chronic inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of several serious diseases and could be modulated by diet. Recently, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of the overall diet. The DII has been reported as relevant to various diseases but has not been validated in Japanese. Thus, in the present study, we analyzed the relationship between DII scores and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in a Japanese population. Methods: Data of the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 2010 (NIPPON DATA2010), which contained 2,898 participants aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan (NHNS2010), were analyzed. Nutrient intakes derived from 1-day semi-weighing dietary records were used to calculate DII scores. Energy was adjusted using the residual method. Levels of hs-CRP were evaluated using nephelometric immunoassay. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, BMI, and physical activity, a significant association was observed between DII scores and log(CRP+1) (standard regression coefficient = 0.05, P < 0.01). Although it was not statistically significant, the positive association was consistently observed in almost all age-sex subgroups and the non-smoker subgroup. Conclusions: The current study confirmed that DII score was positively associated with hs-CRP in Japanese.

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The perinatal condition around birth and cardiovascular risk factors in the Japanese general population: The suita study

Katsuragi S., Okamura T., Kokubo Y., Watanabe M., Higashiyama A., Ikeda T., Miyamoto Y.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis （Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis）  27 （ 3 ） 204 - 214 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  13403478

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© 2019 Japan Atherosclerosis Society. Aim: To investigate the relationship between perinatal condition around birth and cardiovascular risk in later life. Methods: Retrospective data were examined from 1241 city dwellers (521 men, 720 women; age 41–69 years) who had undergone medical examination at a single institution including blood tests and physical measurements from 2007 to 2008. The questionnaire was conducted to determine how perinatal factors affect their lives later. We also selected and studied a total of 28 individuals (12 men and 16 women) specifically about the conformity rate of the breastfeeding method between participants’ memories and what was written in the maternal and child health handbooks. Results: The conformity rate of the breastfeeding method between a self-questionnaire and his/her maternal and child health handbook was well correlated (r =0.73; p＜0.025). Among the data in women who were born at home, HbA1C levels (5.36±0.03 vs. 5.25±0.05 mg/dL, p=0.03) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (136.0±1.4 vs. 129.3±2.5 mg/dL, p=0.04) were higher than women who were born at the hospital. Women raised by formula showed higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than women fed breast milk or a mixture of breast milk and formula (150.2±4.8 vs. 138.7±3.7, 142.5±2.6 mg/dL, p =0.04). Fasting blood glucose levels at an adult time in men and women born through breech presentation were higher than those by the cephalic presentation (123.2±7.8 vs. 106.8±1.2 mg/dL, p=0.03). Conclusion: The study proposed that some perinatal conditions around birth such as delivery place, presenting part, and lactation affected especially Japanese women’s cardiovascular risks between ages 41 and 69 years.

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Hypercholesterolemia and lifetime risk of coronary heart disease in the general japanese population: Results from the suita cohort study

Sugiyama D., Turin T.C., Yeasmin F., Rumana N., Watanabe M., Higashiyama A., Takegami M., Kokubo Y., Okamura T., Miyamoto Y.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis （Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis）  27 （ 1 ） 60 - 70 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  13403478

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© 2020 Japan Atherosclerosis Society This article is distributed under the terms of the latest ver. Lifetime risk (LTR) is a measure of disease burden, which presents the probability of occurrence of a specific disease in the remaining lifetime of a group of people for a given index age. This measure is useful for presenting the risk dynamics of a disease at the population level, which constitutes important public health information toward prevention. To date, there have been no studies investigating the LTR for coronary heart diseases (CHDs) in relation to hypercholesterolemia in Asian populations. Therefore, we estimated the LTR of CHDs according to serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods: The participants included in this study were 2,559 men and 2,848 women, enrolled in the Suita Cohort Study of urban residents followed up from 1989 to 2007 for a total of 69,823 person-years. We estimated the sex-and index-age-specific LTR for the first CHD event among participants with or without hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL), accounting for the competing risk for mortality. Results: For men with hypercholesterolemia, the LTR was 47.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.3–65.1%) and 44.5% (95% CI: 21.4–68.5%) for those aged 45 and 75, respectively. The LTRs of women with hypercholesterolemia were also higher than of those without hypercholesterolemia. However, their LTRs were lower for all index ages compared to men. These results did not differ for hypercholesterolemia defined by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: The presence of hypercholesterolemia increases the LTR for CHDs in the Japanese population, especially in men. This estimate can be used in preventive knowledge translation efforts at the population level.

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Reference intervals of serum non-cholesterol sterols by gender in healthy Japanese individuals

Yoshida H., Tada H., Ito K., Kishimoto Y., Yanai H., Okamura T., Ikewaki K., Inagaki K., Shoji T., Bujo H., Miida T., Yoshida M., Kuzuya M., Yamashita S.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis （Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis）  27 （ 5 ） 409 - 417 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  13403478

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© 2020, Japan Atherosclerosis Society. All rights reserved. Aims: The present study was conducted to establish a practical method for measuring non-cholesterol sterols and reference intervals of serum levels. Methods: Healthy subjects (109 men and 151 women), four patients with sitosterolemia, and 10 heterozygous mutation carriers of ABCG5/ABCG8 genes were investigated. Then, three non-cholesterol sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol) of fasting serum samples were measured via a practical and highly sensitive gas chromatography (GC) method with 0.2 µg/mL as the lower limit of quantification. The coefficient of variation (CV) values for within-run reproducibility were 3.06%, 1.89%, and 1.77% for lathosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, respectively. The CV values for between-run reproducibility were 2.81%, 2.06%, and 2.10% for lathosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, respectively. Results: The serum levels of sitosterol and campesterol were significantly higher in women than in men, whereas the serum levels of lathosterol were significantly higher in men than in women. Because of these gender difference, the determination of reference intervals of the three sterol values was performed by considering gen-der. The reference intervals of sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol were 0.99–3.88, 2.14–7.43, and 0.77–3.60 µg/mL in men and 1.03–4.45, 2.19–8.34, and 0.64–2.78 µg/mL in women, respectively. The serum levels of sitosterol and campesterol were higher in patients with sitosterolemia (94.3±47.3 and 66.3±36.6 µg/mL, respectively) than in healthy subjects. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a practical and highly sensitive GC method to measure non-cholesterol sterol levels and gender-segregated reference intervals of sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol in Japanese healthy subjects.

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Impact of hypertension stratified by diabetes on the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: a pooled analysis of data from the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan study

Imai Y., Hirata T., Saitoh S., Ninomiya T., Miyamoto Y., Ohnishi H., Murakami Y., Iso H., Tanaka S., Miura K., Tamakoshi A., Yamada M., Kiyama M., Ueshima H., Ishikawa S., Okamura T.

Hypertension Research （Hypertension Research）  2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  09169636

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© 2020, The Japanese Society of Hypertension. Lifetime risk is an informative estimate to motivate people to change lifestyle behaviors, especially from a younger age, in public health education. The impact of the combination of hypertension and diabetes on the lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality has not been investigated in Asian populations. A pooled analysis of individual data from nine cohorts was performed. A total of 57,339 Japanese men and women were eligible for the analysis. We used the modified Kaplan–Meier approach and estimated the remaining lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality starting from the index age of 35 years. Participants were classified into four categories defined by hypertension and diabetes. The lifetime risk was increased in the order of those without either risk, those without hypertension but with diabetes, those with hypertension but without diabetes, and those with both risks. The lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality at the 35-year index age was as follows: 7.8% in men and 6.2% in women for those without either hypertension or diabetes, 13.2% in men and 9.5% in women for those without hypertension but with diabetes, 17.2% in men and 11.7% in women for those with hypertension but without diabetes, and 19.4% in men and 15% in women for those with both risks. These findings reinforce the need for a life-course perspective in the management of hypertension and diabetes from a younger age.

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Electrocardiographic ST-T Abnormities Are Associated with Stroke Risk in the REGARDS Study

Sawano M., Yuan Y., Kohsaka S., Inohara T., Suzuki T., Okamura T., Howard G., Howard V.J., Judd S., Soliman E.Z., Cushman M.

Stroke （Stroke）  51 （ 4 ） 1100 - 1106 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  00392499

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© 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. Background and Purpose-In previous studies, isolated nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities (NSSTTAs), a common finding on ECGs, were associated with greater risk for incident coronary artery disease. Their association with incident stroke remains unclear. Methods-The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study is a population-based, longitudinal study of 30 239 white and black adults enrolled from 2003 to 2007 in the United States. NSSTTAs were defined from baseline ECG using the standards of Minnesota ECG Classification (Minnesota codes 4-3, 4-4, 5-3, or 5-4). Participants with prior stroke, coronary heart disease, and major and minor ECG abnormalities other than NSSTTAs were excluded from analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine calculate hazard ratios of incident ischemic stroke by presence of baseline NSSTTAs. Results-Among 14 077 participants, 3111 (22.1%) had NSSTTAs at baseline. With a median of 9.6 years follow-up, 106 (3.4%) with NSSTTAs had ischemic stroke compared with 258 (2.4%) without NSSTTAs. The age-adjusted incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) of stroke were 2.93 in those with NSSTTAs and 2.19 in those without them. Adjusting for baseline age, sex, race, geographic location, and education level, isolated NSSTTAs were associated with a 32% higher risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.05-1.67]). With additional adjustment for stroke risk factors, the risk of stroke was increased 27% (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.00-1.62]) and did not differ by age, race, or sex. Conclusions-Presence of NSSTTAs in persons with an otherwise normal ECG was associated with a 27% increased risk of future ischemic stroke.

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Electrocardiographic ST-T Abnormities Are Associated with Stroke Risk in the REGARDS Study

Sawano M., Yuan Y., Kohsaka S., Inohara T., Suzuki T., Okamura T., Howard G., Howard V.J., Judd S., Soliman E.Z., Cushman M.

Stroke （Stroke）  51 （ 4 ） 1100 - 1106 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  00392499

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© 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. Background and Purpose-In previous studies, isolated nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities (NSSTTAs), a common finding on ECGs, were associated with greater risk for incident coronary artery disease. Their association with incident stroke remains unclear. Methods-The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study is a population-based, longitudinal study of 30 239 white and black adults enrolled from 2003 to 2007 in the United States. NSSTTAs were defined from baseline ECG using the standards of Minnesota ECG Classification (Minnesota codes 4-3, 4-4, 5-3, or 5-4). Participants with prior stroke, coronary heart disease, and major and minor ECG abnormalities other than NSSTTAs were excluded from analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine calculate hazard ratios of incident ischemic stroke by presence of baseline NSSTTAs. Results-Among 14 077 participants, 3111 (22.1%) had NSSTTAs at baseline. With a median of 9.6 years follow-up, 106 (3.4%) with NSSTTAs had ischemic stroke compared with 258 (2.4%) without NSSTTAs. The age-adjusted incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) of stroke were 2.93 in those with NSSTTAs and 2.19 in those without them. Adjusting for baseline age, sex, race, geographic location, and education level, isolated NSSTTAs were associated with a 32% higher risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.05-1.67]). With additional adjustment for stroke risk factors, the risk of stroke was increased 27% (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.00-1.62]) and did not differ by age, race, or sex. Conclusions-Presence of NSSTTAs in persons with an otherwise normal ECG was associated with a 27% increased risk of future ischemic stroke.

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[The search for a predictor of deterioration of the nonspecific stress index K6 among urban residents: The KOBE study].

Taya H, Kuwabara K, Higashiyama A, Sugiyama D, Hirata A, Sata M, Hirata T, Nishida Y, Kubo S, Kubota Y, Kadota A, Miyamatsu N, Nishimura K, Miyamoto Y, Okamura T

[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health 67 （ 8 ） 509 - 517 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  0546-1766

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Reference intervals of serum non-cholesterol sterols by gender in healthy Japanese individuals

Yoshida H., Tada H., Ito K., Kishimoto Y., Yanai H., Okamura T., Ikewaki K., Inagaki K., Shoji T., Bujo H., Miida T., Yoshida M., Kuzuya M., Yamashita S.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis （Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis）  27 （ 5 ） 409 - 417 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  13403478

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© 2020, Japan Atherosclerosis Society. All rights reserved. Aims: The present study was conducted to establish a practical method for measuring non-cholesterol sterols and reference intervals of serum levels. Methods: Healthy subjects (109 men and 151 women), four patients with sitosterolemia, and 10 heterozygous mutation carriers of ABCG5/ABCG8 genes were investigated. Then, three non-cholesterol sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol) of fasting serum samples were measured via a practical and highly sensitive gas chromatography (GC) method with 0.2 µg/mL as the lower limit of quantification. The coefficient of variation (CV) values for within-run reproducibility were 3.06%, 1.89%, and 1.77% for lathosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, respectively. The CV values for between-run reproducibility were 2.81%, 2.06%, and 2.10% for lathosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, respectively. Results: The serum levels of sitosterol and campesterol were significantly higher in women than in men, whereas the serum levels of lathosterol were significantly higher in men than in women. Because of these gender difference, the determination of reference intervals of the three sterol values was performed by considering gen-der. The reference intervals of sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol were 0.99–3.88, 2.14–7.43, and 0.77–3.60 µg/mL in men and 1.03–4.45, 2.19–8.34, and 0.64–2.78 µg/mL in women, respectively. The serum levels of sitosterol and campesterol were higher in patients with sitosterolemia (94.3±47.3 and 66.3±36.6 µg/mL, respectively) than in healthy subjects. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a practical and highly sensitive GC method to measure non-cholesterol sterol levels and gender-segregated reference intervals of sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol in Japanese healthy subjects.

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Impact of hypertension stratified by diabetes on the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: a pooled analysis of data from the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan study

Imai Y., Hirata T., Saitoh S., Ninomiya T., Miyamoto Y., Ohnishi H., Murakami Y., Iso H., Tanaka S., Miura K., Tamakoshi A., Yamada M., Kiyama M., Ueshima H., Ishikawa S., Okamura T.

Hypertension Research （Hypertension Research）  2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  09169636

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© 2020, The Japanese Society of Hypertension. Lifetime risk is an informative estimate to motivate people to change lifestyle behaviors, especially from a younger age, in public health education. The impact of the combination of hypertension and diabetes on the lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality has not been investigated in Asian populations. A pooled analysis of individual data from nine cohorts was performed. A total of 57,339 Japanese men and women were eligible for the analysis. We used the modified Kaplan–Meier approach and estimated the remaining lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality starting from the index age of 35 years. Participants were classified into four categories defined by hypertension and diabetes. The lifetime risk was increased in the order of those without either risk, those without hypertension but with diabetes, those with hypertension but without diabetes, and those with both risks. The lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality at the 35-year index age was as follows: 7.8% in men and 6.2% in women for those without either hypertension or diabetes, 13.2% in men and 9.5% in women for those without hypertension but with diabetes, 17.2% in men and 11.7% in women for those with hypertension but without diabetes, and 19.4% in men and 15% in women for those with both risks. These findings reinforce the need for a life-course perspective in the management of hypertension and diabetes from a younger age.

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Acceleration of opportunistic atrial fibrillation screening for elderly patients in routine primary care.

Suzuki A, Okamura T, Sasaki M, Matsuoka H, Ikeda Y, Takahashi A, Akiyama S, Ono F, Yoshihara N, Akita Study group.

PloS one （PLoS ONE）  15 （ 12 ） e0244240 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  1932-6203

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Cardio-embolic ischemic stroke caused by atrial fibrillation is more severe compared with other types of stroke, such as lacunar infarction and atherothrombotic infarction in patients without atrial fibrillation. Therefore, it is important to prevent cardio-embolic ischemic stroke by detecting atrial fibrillation early in at-risk patients and administering appropriate anticoagulation therapy. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of opportunistic atrial fibrillation screening at 12 primary clinics in Japan. The study included a 12-month pre-campaign period and a 12-month campaign period. During the campaign period, an awareness campaign was conducted to encourage physicians to be mindful of screening patients aged 65 years for atrial fibrillation by checking their pulses and performing subsequent electrocardiography when an irregular pulse was detected. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. A sub-analysis focusing on first-time outpatients was performed. There were 9921 and 10,282 patients with no history of atrial fibrillation in the pre-campaign and campaign periods, respectively. In the whole population, the proportion of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation was 0.9% throughout the pre-campaign and campaign periods. In the sub-analysis limited to first-time outpatients, the detection proportion increased from 1.6% to 1.9% during the campaign period. In terms of age stratification, a large increase in detection was observed, especially among patients aged 65–74 years (detection increased from 0.9% to 1.5%) and 85 years (detection increased from 2.9% to 3.3%) during the campaign period. Our findings suggest the feasibility of opportunistic atrial fibrillation screening in routine primary care practice in Japan. Of note, our findings suggest that opportunistic atrial fibrillation screening targeting first-time outpatients may be of clinical value.

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[Association of the combined estimated 24-h urinary Na/K ratio and body mass index with blood pressure: Cross-sectional data from the KOBE study].

Nozawa M, Kuwabara K, Kubota Y, Nishida Y, Kubo S, Hirata T, Higashiyama A, Hirata A, Hattori H, Sata M, Kadota A, Sugiyama D, Miyamatsu N, Miyamoto Y, Okamura T

[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health 67 （ 10 ） 722 - 733 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  0546-1766

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Lipoprotein particles and coronary artery calcium in middle-aged US-White and Japanese men

Mahajan H., Zaid M., MacKey R., Kadota A., Vishnu A., Fujiyoshi A., Vasudha A., Hisamatsu T., Evans R., Okamura T., Miura K., Kuller L., Ueshima H., Sekikawa A.

Open Heart （Open Heart）  6 （ 2 ） e001119 2019年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  2398595X

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© © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. Objective This cross-sectional study examined whether contrasting distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-measured lipoproteins contribute to differences in the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis measured using coronary artery calcium (CAC) between the two groups of middle-aged males: the US-residing Caucasian (US-White) and Japan-residing Japanese (Japanese). Methods In a population-based study of 570 randomly selected asymptomatic men aged 40-49 years (270 US-White and 300 Japanese), we examined the relationship between race/ethnicity, NMR-measured lipoproteins and CAC (measured by Electron Beam CT and quantified using the Agatston method) using multivariable robust Poisson regression adjusting for traditional and novel risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Results The US-White compared with the Japanese had significantly different NMR-measured lipoprotein particle distributions. The US-White had a significantly higher prevalence of CAC≥10 (CAC-prevalence) compared with the Japanese adjusting for CHD risk factors (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.10; 95% CI=1.24 to 3.48), and this difference was partially attenuated (∼18%) with further adjustment for lipoprotein levels (PR=1.73; 95% CI=1.02 to 3.08). There was no reclassification improvement with further addition of lipoproteins particle concentrations/size to a model that already included traditionally measured lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammatory markers (net reclassification improvement index=-2% to 3%). Conclusions Variations in the distribution of NMR-measured lipoprotein particles partially accounted for the difference in the CAC-prevalence between middle-aged US-White and Japanese men.

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Association of Electrocardiographic Left Atrial Abnormality and B-type Natriuretic Peptide in a Large Japanese Cohort: A Report From the Nippon Data2010 Research Group

Shoji Satoshi, Kohsaka Shun, Sawano Mitsuaki, Okamura Tomonori, Hirata Aya, Sugiyama Daisuke, Ohkubo Takayoshi, Nakamura Yasuyuki, Watanabe Makoto, Kadota Aya, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Okayama Akira, Miura Katsuyuki

CIRCULATION 140 2019年11月

研究論文（学術雑誌）,  ISSN  0009-7322