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Papers - Yan, Wanglin

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Digital citizen science for responding to covid-19 crisis: Experiences from Iran

Vahidi H., Taleai M., Yan W., Shaw R.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health) 18 ( 18 ) 2021.09

ISSN 16617827

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has so far been the most severe global public health emergency in this century. Generally, citizen science can provide a complement to authoritative scientific practices for responding to this highly complex biological threat and its adverse consequences. Several citizen science projects have been designed and operationalized for responding to COVID-19 in Iran since the infection began. However, these projects have mostly been overlooked in the existing literature on citizen science. This research sheds light on the most significant online citizen science projects to respond to the COVID-19 crisis in Iran. Furthermore, it highlights some of the opportunities and challenges associated with the strengths and weaknesses of these projects. Moreover, this study captures and discusses some considerable insights and lessons learned from the failures and successes of these projects and provides solutions to overcome some recognized challenges and weaknesses of these projects. The outcomes of this synthesis provide potentially helpful directions for current and future citizen science projects—particularly those aiming to respond to biological disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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A Moveable Nexus: Framework for FEW-Design and Planning

Roggema, Rob, Yan, Wanglin, Keeffe, Greg

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization 9 - 37 2021.02

The Moveable Nexus, Transforming Thinking on Cities

Roggema, Rob, Yan, Wanglin

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization 3 - 8 2021.02

Last author

Linking Urban Food Systems and Environmental Sustainability for Resilience of Cities: The Case of Tokyo

Bijon Kumer Mitra, Ami Pareek, Tomoko Takeda, Ngoc Bao Pham, Nobue Amanuma, Wanglin Yan, Rajib Shaw

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization (Springer International Publishing) 313 - 326 2021.02

ISSN 2522-8404

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TransFEWmation: Designing Urban Metabolism as an M-NEX

Roggema, Rob, Yan, Wanglin, Keeffe, Greg

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization 327 - 332 2021.02

Redesigning the Urban Food Life Through the Participatory Living Lab Platform: Practices in Suburban Areas of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

Yan, Wanglin, Nakayama, Shun

Contemporary Urban Design Thinking (Springer International Publishing) 209 - 234 2021

Lead author

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The Geo CPS Platform for Designing Smart Cities

Yan W., Kiyoki Y., Murakami Y.

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications) 343 289 - 296 2021

ISSN 09226389

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Nature-Based Deployment Strategies for Multiple Paces of Change: The Case of Oimachi, Japan

Rob Roggema, Nico Tillie, Greg Keeffe, Wanglin Yan

Urban Planning (Cogitatio) 6 ( 2 ) 143 - 161 2021

Last author, Accepted

In this article a planning approach is proposed to accommodate different paces of urbanisation. Instead of responding to a single problem with a Pavlov-type of response, analysis shows that the transformational tempi of different urban landscapes require multiple deployment strategies to develop urban environments that are sustainable and resilient. The application of nature-based solutions, enhancing both human and natural health in cities, is used as the foundation for the design of deployment strategies that respond to different paces of urban change. The results show that urban characteristics, such as population density and built space is, partly, dependent on the underlying landscape characteristics, therefore show specific development pathways. To create liveable and sustainable urban areas that can deal holistically with a range of intertwined problems, specific deployment strategies should be used in each specific urban context. This benefits the city-precinct as a whole and at the local scale. Even small nature-based solutions, applied as the right deployment strategy in the right context, have profound impact as the starting point of a far-reaching urban transformation. The case-study for Oimachi in Japan illustrates how this planning approach can be applied, how the different urban rhythms are identified, and to which results this leads.

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Role of smart cities in optimizing water-energy-food nexus: Opportunities in nagpur, India

Sukhwani V., Shaw R., Deshkar S., Mitra B.K., Yan W.

Smart Cities (Smart Cities) 3 ( 4 ) 1266 - 1292 2020.12

The evolving concept of ‘Smart Cities’ (SC) is today gaining global momentum in scientific and policy arenas. With the rising potential for jobs and improved lifestyle, these fast-growing cities are witnessing an ever-increasing concentration of populations and economic activities. However, the core aspect of sustainability is often overshadowed in SC by the components of economic growth. In view of the rising water, energy, and food (collectively referred to as WEF) demands in cities and the interlinkages between WEF systems, this study aims to highlight the role of SC in enhancing WEF resource efficiency from a nexus perspective. To study the current trends of SC developments first, a specific case of proposed Nagpur smart city (India) is reviewed based on document analysis and preliminary discussions with local government officials. Thereafter, bibliometric analysis (based on Scopus data) is conducted to establish a comprehensive understanding of existing SC research in varying domains of interlinked WEF systems. While the proposed Nagpur smart city is observably focused on city-centric goals with a high emphasis on infrastructure development, this study underlines the need for environmental resource conservation at a transboundary level. The key opportunities for optimizing the WEF nexus in Nagpur are then highlighted in reference to the bibliometric analysis.

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Addressing urban–rural water conflicts in nagpur through benefit sharing

Sukhwani V., Thapa K., Shaw R., Deshkar S., Mitra B.K., Yan W.

Water (Switzerland) (Water (Switzerland)) 12 ( 11 ) 1 - 26 2020.11

Urban and rural areas often meet their water demands from a shared stock of finite water resources. Against the changing climate, the rising water demands in fast-growing urban areas are leading to increasing water-use conflicts with the co-dependent rural areas. Although poor water governance is frequently cited as the key reason for such urban–rural conflicts, it is also recognized as a potential pathway to resolve them. In the case of Nagpur Region in Central India, water stress has today become a subject of serious concern. The water demands in Nagpur City are primarily met through the multipurpose Pench Dam on priority, but the recently declining water availability has raised undue concerns for irrigation in the Pench command areas. To substantiate the limited understanding of ongoing water conflicts in the wider Nagpur Metropolitan Area, this study analyzes a specific set of secondary data related to the history of the Pench Project and its water utilization trends. By uncovering the periodic decline in irrigated area and the increasing groundwater use for irrigation, the cross-sectoral and transboundary implications of increasing water transfer to Nagpur City are revealed. To address these concerns, this study then suggests feasible governance strategies based on benefit sharing and multi-stakeholder engagement.

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Mind the gap: personal carbon trading for road transport in Kenya

Fahd Mohamed Omar Al-Guthmy, Wanglin Yan

CLIMATE POLICY (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD) 20 ( 9 ) 1141 - 1160 2020.10

Accepted, ISSN 14693062

Developing countries have generally been overlooked in downstream carbon trading-based policy research. This can be attributed to the greater responsibility of developed economies for climate change, and the greater socio-demographic, political and technological challenges faced by their less-developed counterparts. This paper attempts to address this gap by examining the practicality of implementing Personal Carbon Trading (PCT) for personal road transport in Kenya. PCT is investigated with a focus on political considerations, potential system operation and the distributional impact of quota allocation to motorists. Three quota allocation methods are modelled using data from a survey of 500 motor vehicle owners in Nairobi and Mombasa counties. Equal per-capita, equal per-vehicle and needs-based allocation methods are modelled and assessed to determine the distributional impact on various groups of interest. Emissions were found to be highly correlated to vehicle engine size and the number of dependents per vehicle, but not to area of residence or income levels. None of the three allocation methods disproportionately imposed burdens on vulnerable groups, and all exhibited progressive tendencies. The proposed system is intended to add new insight into the possibility of PCT becoming a globally inclusive policy option. Key Policy Insights Despite PCT being a bold policy proposal even for developed countries, less developed counterparts can meet the political, institutional and technological requirements to implement it. The wealth of functionality available through SIM card features on cheap and abundant mobile phones may unlock a simple and cost-effective, globally-applicable PCT system. Public resistance to fuel price increases stems from the lower income demographic which is, conversely, rewarded with surpluses under PCT. Equal-per capita allocation remains the most progressive method. Needs-based allocation is highly progressive and may be worth considering when more stringent targets are deemed necessary.

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Assessment of housing exposure to accelerated coastal erosion in Keta Municipality of Ghana

Bismark Adu-Gyamfi, Rajib Shaw, Wanglin Yan

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (ELSEVIER) 44 2020.04

Accepted, ISSN 22124209

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Consideration of anthropogenic factors in boreal forest fire regime changes during rapid socio-economic development: case study of forestry districts with increasing burnt area in the Sakha Republic, Russia

Kiunnei Kirillina, Evgeny G. Shvetsov, Viktoriya V. Protopopova, Lynn Thiesmeyer, Wanglin Yan

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (IOP PUBLISHING LTD) 15 ( 3 ) 2020

Accepted, ISSN 17489318

This paper presents an original approach to characterizing historical fire regimes for regions with limited fire data. Fire variables were derived from satellite datasets and regional fire occurrence statistics. They defined the integral elements of a fire regime such as historical trends, spatiotemporal evolution, fire seasonality and causes. Temporal evolution was investigated based on a regime shift detection method developed by Rodionov while changes in the fire regime were analyzed for statistical significance using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator. A descriptive analysis was performed to assess fire seasonality, causes, and together formed the basis for this methodology. We validated the proposed approach by assessing historical fire activity in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), which is one of the most fire-prone regions of Russia. The assessment was conducted with data from the period of 1996-2018. We detected increases in historical fire activity as well as thresholds of change in the fire regime. Changes during the analysis period included lengthening of fire season, increased burned area extent, and extension of peak fire period. Overall, significant changes in the fire regime were detected in the regions strongly affected by warming and increasing anthropogenic alteration.

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Trend of GIS—Integration of Cyber and Physical Systems with Geo IoT

YAN Wanglin

Theory and Applications of GIS (Geographic Information Systems Association) 27 ( 2 ) 99 - 106 2019.12

ISSN 1340-5381

<p>Recent achievement of the Internet of Things (IoT) have brought a great opportunity for GIS to be integrated with physical space as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This article reviews the concepts of IoT and CPS from the perspective of geospatial spaces and clarifies the complementary relationshp of the two technologies. Two forms of CPS were discussed: Pseudo-CPS (PCPS) which projects spatial data on a display without interaction among data sources and True-CPS (TCPS) with handles data sources deeply and semantically. While PCPS is widely industrialized TCPS is in its infant, lack of common schemes and platforms for data sharing, security and privacy etc. Dissolving the barriers requires collaborations cross sectors and disciplines. A transformation of our mindset on GIS from ‘location + attributes’ to ‘location×attributes’ is recommended for creating value-added GI services.</p>

Global-Environmental System Architecture with IoT×GIS: 5D WORLD MAP SYSTEM

KIYOKI Yasushi, YAN Wanglin

Theory and Applications of GIS (Geographic Information Systems Association) 27 ( 2 ) 107 - 114 2019.12

ISSN 1340-5381

<p>The 5D World Map System, the Mathematical Model of Meaning technique (MMM) and their applications create new analytical system environments with the SPA concept (Sensing, Processing and Actuation) for the "Global Knowledge Sharing, Analysis and Visualization". 5D World Map System is a knowledge sharing, analysis and visualization system for realizing Global-Environmental Analysis with the integration of various environmental phenomena. We have proposed the 5D World Map System to collect and facilitate various social and natural-environmental information resources, which are characteristics of infrastructure, disaster, traffic, water and energy supply. The collaborative research activities are promising for approaching to the global architecture of a multi-visualized knowledge analysis and sharing system "5D World Map System," applied to "environmental data analysis and visualization. The basic dimensional space of this system consists of a temporal (1st dimension), spatial (2nd, 3rd and 4th dimensions) and semantic dimensions (5th dimension, representing a large-scale and multiple-dimensional semantic space that is based on our semantic associative computing model (MMM: The Mathematical Model of Meaning)). This system is effective to make a progress of "global-environmental analysis" with cyber-physical system integration for detecting and analyzing natural and social environmental phenomena. The 5D World Map System is globally utilized as a Global Environmental Semantic Computing System for SDGs 9, 11, 14, United-Nations-ESCAP.</p>

Geo CPS: Spatial challenges and opportunities for CPS in the geographic dimension

Wanglin Yan, Takeo Sakairi

JOURNAL OF URBAN MANAGEMENT (ELSEVIER) 8 ( 3 ) 331 - 341 2019.12

Accepted, ISSN 22265856

Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have brought great opportunities for geographical information systems (GIS) to be integrated with cyber-physical systems (CPS) in urban management. However, the term IoT and CPS are new in the GIS realm. This article reviews the concepts of IoT and CPS from the perspective of geospatial spaces and proposes the concept of Geo CPS to develop the potential of new technology in the geographic dimension. Two forms of Geo CPS are discussed: pseudo-CPS (PCPS), which projects spatial data onto a display without interaction among data sources, and true-CPS (TCPS), which handles data sources deeply and semantically. While PCPS already has wide industrial applications, TCPS is still in its infancy. The spatial challenge for CPS in geo space involves operating conditions in an open environment, and here, the human-machine system interface will be key. A transformation of our mindset relating to GIS can lead to the creation of new value-added geographical information services. This will require new schemes and platforms for data sharing, processing, security, and privacy, etc.

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The package redelivery problem, convenience store solution, and the delivery desert: Case study in Aoba Ward, Yokohama

Shun Nakayama, Wanglin Yan

JOURNAL OF URBAN MANAGEMENT (ELSEVIER) 8 ( 3 ) 355 - 363 2019.12

Accepted, ISSN 22265856

The redelivery problem occurs when a delivery service cannot deliver an item to the recipient on the first attempt, requiring one or more additional attempts. There are impacts on profit, efficiency, convenience, traffic, and the environment. In recent years, the redelivery problem in Japan has been aggravated by the growth of e-commerce, which increases delivery volumes. As a solution, many convenience stores offer courier package pickup services, but the actual net benefits are uncertain. In this industry, store locations are chosen based on profitability and subject to laws and regulations. This study developed a model to assess the accessibility of convenience stores and their possible contribution to solve the redelivery problem. We defined a "delivery desert" as area where a resident cannot access the nearest convenience store package pickup service within walking distance, and developed a model that considers physical load relative to customer age and topographic slope. We then conducted a case study in a suburban neighborhood in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and showed that (1) about 65% of residents in the study area live in a delivery desert, (2) regulations that restrict the location of convenience stores have a very small impact on our results, and (3) the percentage of people living in a delivery desert is low for the age groups targeted by convenience stores. These findings could serve as a reference in policy discussions for solving the redelivery problem.

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Surface Water Body Detection in Polarimetric SAR Data Using Contextual Complex Wishart Classification

E. Goumehei, V. Tolpekin, A. Stein, W. Yan

Water Resources Research (Water Resources Research) 55 ( 8 ) 7047 - 7059 2019.08

Accepted, ISSN 00431397

©2019. The Authors. Detection of surface water from satellite images is important for water management purposes like for mapping flood extents, inundation dynamics, and water resources distributions. In this research, we introduce a supervised contextual classification model to detect surface water bodies from polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. A complex Wishart Markov Random Field (WMRF) combines Markov Random Fields with the complex Wishart distribution. It is applied on Single Look Complex Sentinel 1 data. Using Markov Random Fields, we utilize the geometry of surface water to remove speckle from SAR images. Results were compared with the Wishart Maximum Likelihood Classification (WMLC), the Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classification, and a median filter followed by thresholding. Experiments demonstrate that the statistical representation of data using the Wishart distribution improves the F-score to 0.95 for WMRF, while it is 0.67, 0.88, and 0.91 for Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classification, WMLC, and thresholding, respectively. The main improvement in the precision increases from 0.80 and 0.86 for WMLC and thresholding to 0.96 for WMRF. The WMRF model accurately distinguishes classes that have a similar backscatter, like water and bare soil. Hence, the high accuracy of the proposed WMRF model is a result of its robustness for water detection from Single Look Complex data. We conclude that the proposed model is a great improvement on existing methods for the detection of calm surface water bodies.

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Optimizing Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to foster collective resilience in urban-rural systems

Sukhwani V., Shaw R., Mitra B.K., Yan W.

Progress in Disaster Science (Progress in Disaster Science) 1 2019.05

With developing concerns of climate change, population growth and rapid urbanization, there is growing need to optimize Food-Energy-Water (FEW) sectors. Subsequently, FEW nexus thinking has become a prerequisite for development planning today, as the three sectors are intricately linked to each other. This study identifies the key barriers to operationalizing FEW nexus at ground level and underlines the need for urban-rural shared perspectives in resource management. Since, urban and rural systems depend on shared stock of natural resources, the study theorizes that building integrated decision making platforms at regional level will significantly enhance their collective resilience to emerging socio-environmental challenges.

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Barriers and enabling factors affecting satisfaction and safety perception with use of bicycle roads in Seoul, South Korea

Sharma B., Nam H., Yan W., Kim H.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health) 16 ( 5 ) 2019.03

Joint Work, ISSN 16617827

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Cycling has proven to be an important strategy in decreasing the risk of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to discover barriers and enabling factors influencing satisfaction and safety perceptions towards the use of bicycle roads in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea. A cross-sectional survey of 190 youth and adult individuals was conducted. Sex, age, purpose of bicycle use, perceived safety, availability of facilities, road gradient, road width, and traffic on the bicycle road were associated with cycling regularity. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the sufficiency of bicycle parking space, moderate slope, and enough bicycle signs were significant enabling factors for satisfaction with the use of bicycle roads. Narrow bicycle roads were found to be a barrier to satisfaction with the use of bicycle roads. Moderate slope, enough bicycle signs, and enough maintenance facilities around bike roads were found to be enabling factors in the perceived safety of the use of bicycle roads, whereas traffic on the side of the bicycle road was found to be a barrier to perceived safety. Based on these findings,

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