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Papers - Yan, Wanglin

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Digital citizen science for responding to covid-19 crisis: Experiences from Iran

Vahidi H., Taleai M., Yan W., Shaw R.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health) 18 ( 18 ) 2021.09

ISSN 16617827

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has so far been the most severe global public health emergency in this century. Generally, citizen science can provide a complement to authoritative scientific practices for responding to this highly complex biological threat and its adverse consequences. Several citizen science projects have been designed and operationalized for responding to COVID-19 in Iran since the infection began. However, these projects have mostly been overlooked in the existing literature on citizen science. This research sheds light on the most significant online citizen science projects to respond to the COVID-19 crisis in Iran. Furthermore, it highlights some of the opportunities and challenges associated with the strengths and weaknesses of these projects. Moreover, this study captures and discusses some considerable insights and lessons learned from the failures and successes of these projects and provides solutions to overcome some recognized challenges and weaknesses of these projects. The outcomes of this synthesis provide potentially helpful directions for current and future citizen science projects—particularly those aiming to respond to biological disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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A Moveable Nexus: Framework for FEW-Design and Planning

Roggema, Rob, Yan, Wanglin, Keeffe, Greg

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization 9 - 37 2021.02

The Moveable Nexus, Transforming Thinking on Cities

Roggema, Rob, Yan, Wanglin

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization 3 - 8 2021.02

Last author

Linking Urban Food Systems and Environmental Sustainability for Resilience of Cities: The Case of Tokyo

Bijon Kumer Mitra, Ami Pareek, Tomoko Takeda, Ngoc Bao Pham, Nobue Amanuma, Wanglin Yan, Rajib Shaw

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization (Springer International Publishing) 313 - 326 2021.02

ISSN 2522-8404

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TransFEWmation: Designing Urban Metabolism as an M-NEX

Roggema, Rob, Yan, Wanglin, Keeffe, Greg

TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization 327 - 332 2021.02

Redesigning the Urban Food Life Through the Participatory Living Lab Platform: Practices in Suburban Areas of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

Yan, Wanglin, Nakayama, Shun

Contemporary Urban Design Thinking (Springer International Publishing) 209 - 234 2021

Lead author

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The Geo CPS Platform for Designing Smart Cities

Yan W., Kiyoki Y., Murakami Y.

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications) 343 289 - 296 2021

ISSN 09226389

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Nature-Based Deployment Strategies for Multiple Paces of Change: The Case of Oimachi, Japan

Rob Roggema, Nico Tillie, Greg Keeffe, Wanglin Yan

Urban Planning (Cogitatio) 6 ( 2 ) 143 - 161 2021

Last author, Accepted

In this article a planning approach is proposed to accommodate different paces of urbanisation. Instead of responding to a single problem with a Pavlov-type of response, analysis shows that the transformational tempi of different urban landscapes require multiple deployment strategies to develop urban environments that are sustainable and resilient. The application of nature-based solutions, enhancing both human and natural health in cities, is used as the foundation for the design of deployment strategies that respond to different paces of urban change. The results show that urban characteristics, such as population density and built space is, partly, dependent on the underlying landscape characteristics, therefore show specific development pathways. To create liveable and sustainable urban areas that can deal holistically with a range of intertwined problems, specific deployment strategies should be used in each specific urban context. This benefits the city-precinct as a whole and at the local scale. Even small nature-based solutions, applied as the right deployment strategy in the right context, have profound impact as the starting point of a far-reaching urban transformation. The case-study for Oimachi in Japan illustrates how this planning approach can be applied, how the different urban rhythms are identified, and to which results this leads.

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Role of smart cities in optimizing water-energy-food nexus: Opportunities in nagpur, India

Sukhwani V., Shaw R., Deshkar S., Mitra B.K., Yan W.

Smart Cities (Smart Cities) 3 ( 4 ) 1266 - 1292 2020.12

The evolving concept of ‘Smart Cities’ (SC) is today gaining global momentum in scientific and policy arenas. With the rising potential for jobs and improved lifestyle, these fast-growing cities are witnessing an ever-increasing concentration of populations and economic activities. However, the core aspect of sustainability is often overshadowed in SC by the components of economic growth. In view of the rising water, energy, and food (collectively referred to as WEF) demands in cities and the interlinkages between WEF systems, this study aims to highlight the role of SC in enhancing WEF resource efficiency from a nexus perspective. To study the current trends of SC developments first, a specific case of proposed Nagpur smart city (India) is reviewed based on document analysis and preliminary discussions with local government officials. Thereafter, bibliometric analysis (based on Scopus data) is conducted to establish a comprehensive understanding of existing SC research in varying domains of interlinked WEF systems. While the proposed Nagpur smart city is observably focused on city-centric goals with a high emphasis on infrastructure development, this study underlines the need for environmental resource conservation at a transboundary level. The key opportunities for optimizing the WEF nexus in Nagpur are then highlighted in reference to the bibliometric analysis.

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Addressing urban–rural water conflicts in nagpur through benefit sharing

Sukhwani V., Thapa K., Shaw R., Deshkar S., Mitra B.K., Yan W.

Water (Switzerland) (Water (Switzerland)) 12 ( 11 ) 1 - 26 2020.11

Urban and rural areas often meet their water demands from a shared stock of finite water resources. Against the changing climate, the rising water demands in fast-growing urban areas are leading to increasing water-use conflicts with the co-dependent rural areas. Although poor water governance is frequently cited as the key reason for such urban–rural conflicts, it is also recognized as a potential pathway to resolve them. In the case of Nagpur Region in Central India, water stress has today become a subject of serious concern. The water demands in Nagpur City are primarily met through the multipurpose Pench Dam on priority, but the recently declining water availability has raised undue concerns for irrigation in the Pench command areas. To substantiate the limited understanding of ongoing water conflicts in the wider Nagpur Metropolitan Area, this study analyzes a specific set of secondary data related to the history of the Pench Project and its water utilization trends. By uncovering the periodic decline in irrigated area and the increasing groundwater use for irrigation, the cross-sectoral and transboundary implications of increasing water transfer to Nagpur City are revealed. To address these concerns, this study then suggests feasible governance strategies based on benefit sharing and multi-stakeholder engagement.

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Mind the gap: personal carbon trading for road transport in Kenya

Fahd Mohamed Omar Al-Guthmy, Wanglin Yan

CLIMATE POLICY (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD) 20 ( 9 ) 1141 - 1160 2020.10

Accepted, ISSN 14693062

Developing countries have generally been overlooked in downstream carbon trading-based policy research. This can be attributed to the greater responsibility of developed economies for climate change, and the greater socio-demographic, political and technological challenges faced by their less-developed counterparts. This paper attempts to address this gap by examining the practicality of implementing Personal Carbon Trading (PCT) for personal road transport in Kenya. PCT is investigated with a focus on political considerations, potential system operation and the distributional impact of quota allocation to motorists. Three quota allocation methods are modelled using data from a survey of 500 motor vehicle owners in Nairobi and Mombasa counties. Equal per-capita, equal per-vehicle and needs-based allocation methods are modelled and assessed to determine the distributional impact on various groups of interest. Emissions were found to be highly correlated to vehicle engine size and the number of dependents per vehicle, but not to area of residence or income levels. None of the three allocation methods disproportionately imposed burdens on vulnerable groups, and all exhibited progressive tendencies. The proposed system is intended to add new insight into the possibility of PCT becoming a globally inclusive policy option. Key Policy Insights Despite PCT being a bold policy proposal even for developed countries, less developed counterparts can meet the political, institutional and technological requirements to implement it. The wealth of functionality available through SIM card features on cheap and abundant mobile phones may unlock a simple and cost-effective, globally-applicable PCT system. Public resistance to fuel price increases stems from the lower income demographic which is, conversely, rewarded with surpluses under PCT. Equal-per capita allocation remains the most progressive method. Needs-based allocation is highly progressive and may be worth considering when more stringent targets are deemed necessary.

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Assessment of housing exposure to accelerated coastal erosion in Keta Municipality of Ghana

Bismark Adu-Gyamfi, Rajib Shaw, Wanglin Yan

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (ELSEVIER) 44 2020.04

Accepted, ISSN 22124209

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Consideration of anthropogenic factors in boreal forest fire regime changes during rapid socio-economic development: case study of forestry districts with increasing burnt area in the Sakha Republic, Russia

Kiunnei Kirillina, Evgeny G. Shvetsov, Viktoriya V. Protopopova, Lynn Thiesmeyer, Wanglin Yan

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS (IOP PUBLISHING LTD) 15 ( 3 ) 2020

Accepted, ISSN 17489318

This paper presents an original approach to characterizing historical fire regimes for regions with limited fire data. Fire variables were derived from satellite datasets and regional fire occurrence statistics. They defined the integral elements of a fire regime such as historical trends, spatiotemporal evolution, fire seasonality and causes. Temporal evolution was investigated based on a regime shift detection method developed by Rodionov while changes in the fire regime were analyzed for statistical significance using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator. A descriptive analysis was performed to assess fire seasonality, causes, and together formed the basis for this methodology. We validated the proposed approach by assessing historical fire activity in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), which is one of the most fire-prone regions of Russia. The assessment was conducted with data from the period of 1996-2018. We detected increases in historical fire activity as well as thresholds of change in the fire regime. Changes during the analysis period included lengthening of fire season, increased burned area extent, and extension of peak fire period. Overall, significant changes in the fire regime were detected in the regions strongly affected by warming and increasing anthropogenic alteration.

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Trend of GIS—Integration of Cyber and Physical Systems with Geo IoT

YAN Wanglin

Theory and Applications of GIS (Geographic Information Systems Association) 27 ( 2 ) 99 - 106 2019.12

ISSN 1340-5381

<p>Recent achievement of the Internet of Things (IoT) have brought a great opportunity for GIS to be integrated with physical space as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This article reviews the concepts of IoT and CPS from the perspective of geospatial spaces and clarifies the complementary relationshp of the two technologies. Two forms of CPS were discussed: Pseudo-CPS (PCPS) which projects spatial data on a display without interaction among data sources and True-CPS (TCPS) with handles data sources deeply and semantically. While PCPS is widely industrialized TCPS is in its infant, lack of common schemes and platforms for data sharing, security and privacy etc. Dissolving the barriers requires collaborations cross sectors and disciplines. A transformation of our mindset on GIS from ‘location + attributes’ to ‘location×attributes’ is recommended for creating value-added GI services.</p>

Global-Environmental System Architecture with IoT×GIS: 5D WORLD MAP SYSTEM

KIYOKI Yasushi, YAN Wanglin

Theory and Applications of GIS (Geographic Information Systems Association) 27 ( 2 ) 107 - 114 2019.12

ISSN 1340-5381

<p>The 5D World Map System, the Mathematical Model of Meaning technique (MMM) and their applications create new analytical system environments with the SPA concept (Sensing, Processing and Actuation) for the "Global Knowledge Sharing, Analysis and Visualization". 5D World Map System is a knowledge sharing, analysis and visualization system for realizing Global-Environmental Analysis with the integration of various environmental phenomena. We have proposed the 5D World Map System to collect and facilitate various social and natural-environmental information resources, which are characteristics of infrastructure, disaster, traffic, water and energy supply. The collaborative research activities are promising for approaching to the global architecture of a multi-visualized knowledge analysis and sharing system "5D World Map System," applied to "environmental data analysis and visualization. The basic dimensional space of this system consists of a temporal (1st dimension), spatial (2nd, 3rd and 4th dimensions) and semantic dimensions (5th dimension, representing a large-scale and multiple-dimensional semantic space that is based on our semantic associative computing model (MMM: The Mathematical Model of Meaning)). This system is effective to make a progress of "global-environmental analysis" with cyber-physical system integration for detecting and analyzing natural and social environmental phenomena. The 5D World Map System is globally utilized as a Global Environmental Semantic Computing System for SDGs 9, 11, 14, United-Nations-ESCAP.</p>

Geo CPS: Spatial challenges and opportunities for CPS in the geographic dimension

Wanglin Yan, Takeo Sakairi

JOURNAL OF URBAN MANAGEMENT (ELSEVIER) 8 ( 3 ) 331 - 341 2019.12

Accepted, ISSN 22265856

Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have brought great opportunities for geographical information systems (GIS) to be integrated with cyber-physical systems (CPS) in urban management. However, the term IoT and CPS are new in the GIS realm. This article reviews the concepts of IoT and CPS from the perspective of geospatial spaces and proposes the concept of Geo CPS to develop the potential of new technology in the geographic dimension. Two forms of Geo CPS are discussed: pseudo-CPS (PCPS), which projects spatial data onto a display without interaction among data sources, and true-CPS (TCPS), which handles data sources deeply and semantically. While PCPS already has wide industrial applications, TCPS is still in its infancy. The spatial challenge for CPS in geo space involves operating conditions in an open environment, and here, the human-machine system interface will be key. A transformation of our mindset relating to GIS can lead to the creation of new value-added geographical information services. This will require new schemes and platforms for data sharing, processing, security, and privacy, etc.

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The package redelivery problem, convenience store solution, and the delivery desert: Case study in Aoba Ward, Yokohama

Shun Nakayama, Wanglin Yan

JOURNAL OF URBAN MANAGEMENT (ELSEVIER) 8 ( 3 ) 355 - 363 2019.12

Accepted, ISSN 22265856

The redelivery problem occurs when a delivery service cannot deliver an item to the recipient on the first attempt, requiring one or more additional attempts. There are impacts on profit, efficiency, convenience, traffic, and the environment. In recent years, the redelivery problem in Japan has been aggravated by the growth of e-commerce, which increases delivery volumes. As a solution, many convenience stores offer courier package pickup services, but the actual net benefits are uncertain. In this industry, store locations are chosen based on profitability and subject to laws and regulations. This study developed a model to assess the accessibility of convenience stores and their possible contribution to solve the redelivery problem. We defined a "delivery desert" as area where a resident cannot access the nearest convenience store package pickup service within walking distance, and developed a model that considers physical load relative to customer age and topographic slope. We then conducted a case study in a suburban neighborhood in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and showed that (1) about 65% of residents in the study area live in a delivery desert, (2) regulations that restrict the location of convenience stores have a very small impact on our results, and (3) the percentage of people living in a delivery desert is low for the age groups targeted by convenience stores. These findings could serve as a reference in policy discussions for solving the redelivery problem.

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Surface Water Body Detection in Polarimetric SAR Data Using Contextual Complex Wishart Classification

E. Goumehei, V. Tolpekin, A. Stein, W. Yan

Water Resources Research (Water Resources Research) 55 ( 8 ) 7047 - 7059 2019.08

Accepted, ISSN 00431397

©2019. The Authors. Detection of surface water from satellite images is important for water management purposes like for mapping flood extents, inundation dynamics, and water resources distributions. In this research, we introduce a supervised contextual classification model to detect surface water bodies from polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. A complex Wishart Markov Random Field (WMRF) combines Markov Random Fields with the complex Wishart distribution. It is applied on Single Look Complex Sentinel 1 data. Using Markov Random Fields, we utilize the geometry of surface water to remove speckle from SAR images. Results were compared with the Wishart Maximum Likelihood Classification (WMLC), the Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classification, and a median filter followed by thresholding. Experiments demonstrate that the statistical representation of data using the Wishart distribution improves the F-score to 0.95 for WMRF, while it is 0.67, 0.88, and 0.91 for Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classification, WMLC, and thresholding, respectively. The main improvement in the precision increases from 0.80 and 0.86 for WMLC and thresholding to 0.96 for WMRF. The WMRF model accurately distinguishes classes that have a similar backscatter, like water and bare soil. Hence, the high accuracy of the proposed WMRF model is a result of its robustness for water detection from Single Look Complex data. We conclude that the proposed model is a great improvement on existing methods for the detection of calm surface water bodies.

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Optimizing Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus to foster collective resilience in urban-rural systems

Sukhwani V., Shaw R., Mitra B.K., Yan W.

Progress in Disaster Science (Progress in Disaster Science) 1 2019.05

With developing concerns of climate change, population growth and rapid urbanization, there is growing need to optimize Food-Energy-Water (FEW) sectors. Subsequently, FEW nexus thinking has become a prerequisite for development planning today, as the three sectors are intricately linked to each other. This study identifies the key barriers to operationalizing FEW nexus at ground level and underlines the need for urban-rural shared perspectives in resource management. Since, urban and rural systems depend on shared stock of natural resources, the study theorizes that building integrated decision making platforms at regional level will significantly enhance their collective resilience to emerging socio-environmental challenges.

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Barriers and enabling factors affecting satisfaction and safety perception with use of bicycle roads in Seoul, South Korea

Sharma B., Nam H., Yan W., Kim H.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health) 16 ( 5 ) 2019.03

Joint Work, ISSN 16617827

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Cycling has proven to be an important strategy in decreasing the risk of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to discover barriers and enabling factors influencing satisfaction and safety perceptions towards the use of bicycle roads in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea. A cross-sectional survey of 190 youth and adult individuals was conducted. Sex, age, purpose of bicycle use, perceived safety, availability of facilities, road gradient, road width, and traffic on the bicycle road were associated with cycling regularity. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the sufficiency of bicycle parking space, moderate slope, and enough bicycle signs were significant enabling factors for satisfaction with the use of bicycle roads. Narrow bicycle roads were found to be a barrier to satisfaction with the use of bicycle roads. Moderate slope, enough bicycle signs, and enough maintenance facilities around bike roads were found to be enabling factors in the perceived safety of the use of bicycle roads, whereas traffic on the side of the bicycle road was found to be a barrier to perceived safety. Based on these findings,

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Developing a design-led approach for the food-energy-water nexus in cities

Yan W., Roggema R.

Urban Planning (Urban Planning) 4 ( 1 ) 123 - 138 2019

Joint Work, ISSN 2183-7635

© 2019 by the author; licensee Cogitatio (Lisbon, Portugal). Urban communities are particularly vulnerable to the future demand for food, energy and water, and this vulnerability is further exacerbated by the onset of climate change at local. Solutions need to be found in urban spaces. This article based around urban design practice sees urban agriculture as a key facilitator of nexus thinking, needing water and energy to be productive. Working directly with Urban Living Labs, the project team will co-design new food futures through the moveable nexus, a participatory design support platform to mobilize natural and social resources by integrating multi-disciplinary knowledge and technology. The moveable nexus is co-developed incrementally through a series of design workshops moving around living labs with the engagement of stakeholders. The methodology and the platform will be shared outside the teams so that the knowledge can be mobilized locally and globally.

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Status of Climate Change Adaptation in Northeast Asian Region

Yan W., Galloway W., Kang J.

Springer Climate (Springer Climate) 69 - 96 2019

ISSN 23520698

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Differences in the political systems and the economic conditions of each country in the northeast region indeed lead to diversity in terms of climate change vulnerabilities. These differences cast strong shadows on the types and scale of adaptation plans and measures started in the region. Keeping context specificity in mind, this chapter summarizes the perspective of climate change impacts, vulnerabilities of key sectors and society, and status of adaptation measures including development of national adaptation strategy and action plans in China, Japan, Korea, and Mongolia. Further it compares commonalities and gaps amongst the countries. Apart from a separate introduction for each nation, it also gives a comprehensive discussion focusing on the eight indicators described in the framework chapter. This chapter presents a comprehensive picture of the latest adaptation measures in four countries which will deepen understanding on current adaptation efforts and gaps for enhancing adaptation actions in each country.

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Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Pick-Up Service Considering Differentiated Supply and Demand: A Case in Hangzhou, China

Liyun Lin, Haoying Han, Wanglin Yan, Shun Nakayama, Xianfan Shu

SUSTAINABILITY (MDPI) 11 ( 12 ) 2019

Accepted, ISSN 2071-1050

In recent years, customer pick-up at collection and delivery points has become a popular alternative to traditional home delivery, which is under great pressure. However, current service of pick-up facilities has seldom been geographically evaluated despite its general uneven distribution and diverse needs. In this paper, in order to interpret the differentiation in customers' service demands toward reception alternatives and in facilities' service excludability in different built environments, a two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is improved to measure customers' spatial accessibility to pick-up facilities, providing a methodology to evaluate the match relation between the differentiated supply and demand of pick-up service. A case study of widespread automated parcel stations (APSs) is conducted in Hangzhou, China and correlative factors to residents' accessibility are discussed. From the results, residents' accessibility to pick-up service shows significant spatial unevenness and social inequity in the study area, which is found to correlate most to residences' maintenance management. As well-managed, gated communities generally hold effective access to exclusive services, most open communities and self-built, single houses are in need of improvement due to inadequate service stemming from a high aging rate, lack of property management, and low service availability of nonexclusive facilities in open areas.

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Using neighborhood association area as new spatial data infrastructure to link public administrative data with GIS in Indonesia

Arip M., Wanglin Y., Hirose K.

Communications in Science and Technology (Communications in Science and Technology) 4 ( 1 ) 20 - 29 2019

ISSN 25029258

Despite its potential use for earth observation and GIS-based analysis, Public Administrative Data (PAD) has been neglected in the spatial big data discussions. For instance, linking unaggregated public databases to the smallest administrative units for mining spatial data currently absents from literature. In this study, a neighborhood association base map was developed and the usability as a platform for linking PAD in Indonesia was investigated. The base map is proposed as a new feature in Indonesia-s SDI. A data model was developed, and data accuracy and reliability were assessed by a case study. Four unaggregated databases obtained from public institutions were examined using common structured query language. The results show that from 1.3 million records, more than 95% can be directly linked to the base map. Finally, it is concluded that despite the existence of challenges, linking PAD with the base map is feasible and beneficial for GIS-based analysis.

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Modeling of building energy consumption for accommodation buildings (Lodging sector) in Japan—Case study

Alkhalaf H., Yan W.

Applied System Innovation (Applied System Innovation) 1 ( 4 ) 1 - 12 2018.12

The energy performance of residential and commercial buildings is a vital topic because of the rapid urbanization occurring throughout the world. Accommodation buildings are considered energy intensive compared to other commercial facilities. In addition, they are the main component of the tourism industry. Therefore, various actions and policies have been introduced to improve the energy performance of accommodation buildings. This research depends on a national scale database of energy consumption of commercial buildings in Japan. It is the main source of data to conduct this study. The Database for Energy Consumption of Commercial buildings (DECC) is a national survey that is provided by the Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC). Based on the DECC, the study presents a general benchmark which is developed by applying regression and artificial neural network (ANN) methods to assess the energy performance of accommodation buildings in the Kanto region, Japan. The study presents a broad benchmark to evaluate basic energy consumption of accommodation building with three variables. In addition, the study highlights the necessity of designing the ANN model through the choosing of hidden layers and training method. The outcomes of each learning method and hidden layer was examined using main indicators to verify its accuracy.

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Trust as a proxy indicator for intrinsic quality of Volunteered Geographic Information in biodiversity monitoring programs

Vahidi H., Klinkenberg B., Yan W.

GIScience and Remote Sensing (GIScience and Remote Sensing) 55 ( 4 ) 502 - 538 2018.07

Joint Work, ISSN 15481603

© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. In this article, we present a fuzzy model for intrinsic quality assessment of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) on species occurrences obtained by Citizen Science (CS) biodiversity monitoring programs. The proposed VGI quality assurance approach evaluates the thematic and positional quality of the crowdsourced biodiversity observation in terms of the trustworthiness of the observation by combining three indicators of consistency with habitat, consistency with surroundings, and reputation of contributor, that characterize the geographical and social aspects of trust in VGI. To evaluate the performance and usability of the proposed approach for evaluating the trustworthiness of crowdsourced observations and detecting thematic and positional errors in crowdsourced observations, the developed approach was applied to the crowdsourced observations on Acer macrophyllum collected through the CS biodiversity monitoring projects of E-Flora BC and iNaturalist. The result of a conformity test at the optimal acceptance threshold (sensitivity = 0.99, specificity = 0.8, and Cohen’s kappa = 0.79), the achieved area und

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Mapping the individual trees in urban orchards by incorporating Volunteered Geographic Information and very high resolution optical remotely sensed data: A template matching-based approach

Vahidi H., Klinkenberg B., Johnson B., Moskal L., Yan W.

Remote Sensing (Remote Sensing) 10 ( 7 ) 1134 - 1134 2018.07

Joint Work, ISSN 2072-4292

© 2018 by the authors. This paper presents a collective sensing approach that integrates imperfect Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) obtained through Citizen Science (CS) tree mapping projects with very high resolution (VHR) optical remotely sensed data for low-cost, fine-scale, and accurate mapping of trees in urban orchards. To this end, an individual tree crown (ITC) detection technique utilizing template matching (TM) was developed for extracting urban orchard trees from VHR optical imagery. To provide the training samples for the TM algorithm, remotely sensed VGI about trees including the crowdsourced data about ITC locations and their crown diameters was adopted in this study. A data quality assessment of the proposed approach in the study area demonstrated that the detected trees had a very high degree of completeness (92.7%), a high thematic accuracy (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.090, false negative rate (FNR) = 0.073, and F1 score (F1) = 0.918), and a fair positional accuracy (root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.02 m). Overall, the proposed approach based on the crowdsourced training samples generally demonstrated a promising ITC detection performance in our pilot

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LoRa - A survey of recent research trends

Saari M., Muzaffar Bin Baharudin A., Sillberg P., Hyrynsalmi S., Yan W.

2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, MIPRO 2018 - Proceedings (2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, MIPRO 2018 - Proceedings) 872 - 877 2018.06

Joint Work, ISSN 9789532330977

© 2018 Croatian Society MIPRO. Nowadays the Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most promising application areas in information technology for future products and services. Therefore, it is not surprising that new technologies arise, which are marketed as 'the most useful technology' for applications in IoT devices. In this study, we focus on the new communication technology called LoRaWAN. Our aim is to evaluate the usefulness of LoRaWAN technology in the field of IoT, and especially in sensor network solutions. The research methodology is a literature survey and primary articles were selected by means of a systematic literature review. More than fifty suitable research papers were identified. From these, the following research questions were formulated: 'How to categorize LoRa research papers?' and 'What are the application trends in LoRa?' This study presents a way to categorize research papers with diverse themes. In addition, this survey reveals the most recent trends in research and practical applications of LoRa. Finally, this study will give recommendations for researchers and practitioners on how the advantages of LoRa-based technologies could be fully exploited in the

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Portable fog gateways for resilient sensors data aggregation in internet-less environment

bin Baharudin A., Saari M., Sillberg P., Rantanen P., Soini J., Jaakkola H., Yan W.

Engineering Journal (Engineering Journal) 22 ( 3 ) 221 - 232 2018.06

Joint Work, ISSN 01258281

© 2018, Chulalongkorn University. All rights reserved. Fog computing is gaining attention due to the potential of aggregating and processing time-sensitive data at the nearby intelligent gateways. It reduces the latency of sensors data aggregation and response time therefore, improve real-time action which is beneficial in environmental monitoring and early warning systems. However, deploying edge computing in Internet-less environment seems unpractical and the mobility of gateways is less focused in current literature. In this paper, we present a practical design of a portable gateways scheme for sensors data aggregation and processing in Internet-less environment. The proposed gateways can locate their geographical locations which can be automatically converted into location names at the central gateway. The proposed portable Fog Gateways are developed by using open-source hardware and integrated with Cloud database for data storage. Data processing techniques such as data parsing and Reverse Geocoding are conducted for reliable data transmission by using GSM/GPRS technology and geographical location name detection respectively. Finally, a case study has been conducted to evalua

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Monitoring the transformation of Yogyakarta's urban form using remote sensing and Geographic Information System

B. Rozano, W. Yan

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science) 148 ( 1 ) 2018.05

Accepted, ISSN 17551307

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Urban form transformation can be seen as the results of urbanization spatially, where the land changed into an urbanized one. Monitoring its changes, however, require many human and financial resources. Accordingly, this research aims to identify urban form transformation using GIS/remote sensing and its spatial implications to the peri-urban area. In order to analyze the land cover changes, this research uses multispectral images from 1990-2016 for built-up extraction using New Built Up Index (NBUI) analysis and population data 1996-2015 combined with primary data from the respondents and key informants. Based on the analysis, it is seen that the compacted Yogyakarta Urban Area scattered predominantly to the Northern part of its periphery with the increase of urban area from 21.19% in 1990 to 50.91% in 2017. While this urbanization is an on-going process, the population of urban core showed a de-concentration phenomenon in 2015, spreading to its periphery causing some negative implications to the peri-urban area.

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Optical-flow-based approach for the detection of shoreline changes using remote sensing data

Bouchahma M., Barhoumi W., Yan W., Wardi H.

Proceedings of IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, AICCSA (Proceedings of IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, AICCSA) 2017-October 184 - 189 2018.03

Joint Work, ISSN 9781538635810

© 2017 IEEE. This research presents an automatic method to detect and evaluate the shoreline changes from Landsat satellite images. In fact, a method, that we called Lukas-Kanade Adapted for Coastal Changes (LKA2C), has been developed to calculate and detect the changes around the study region. Mainly the proposed method is based on SURF algorithm to detect the study region from the satellite image. Then, Canny edge detector was used on NDWI images to detect the shorelines. Finally, the pyramidal Lukas-Kanade optical flow algorithm was adapted to detect and to calculate the rates of changes. Realized experiments on real satellite images of the island of Djerba in Tunisia proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Comparison of regression model and artificial neural network model for energy benchmarking of accommodation buildings in kanto, Japan

Haitham Alkhalaf, Wanglin Yan

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 224 ( 1 ) 71 - 82 2017.09

Accepted, ISSN 1746-448X

© 2017 WIT Press. Energy performance of residential and non-residential buildings is a vital topic because of fast urbanization in the world. The accommodation buildings are considered as high energy intensive comparing to other commercial building' categories. In addition, it has an important contribution in tourism industry. Therefore, variety of models and plans have been applied to reduce the energy consumption of accommodation buildings. This research depends on database of energy consumption of commercial buildings in Japan as main source of data. Data-base for Energy Consumption of Commercial building (DECC) is a national survey, it is disclosed by Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC). Base on DECC, a benchmark system is developed by applying regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods to assess the energy performance of accommodation building in Kanto region-Japan. The study investigate the primary energy model of selected samples according to consumption' trends of electricity, gas and clean water. The developed benchmarks by ANN and regression models were compared to ensure a robust benchmark system as a powerful tool for energy performance' assessment. This study points out the necessity to benchmark the energy performance of accommodation buildings and other categories in Japan. In addition, it is important to consider other variables that affect energy use of buildings.

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Conclusion, recommendations and outlook

Wanglin Yan, Rob Roggema

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 187 - 196 2017.05

Accepted

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Visualisation of minamisoma

Rob Roggema, Luke Middleton, Wanglin Yan

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 113 - 147 2017.05

Accepted

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Visualisation of Kesennuma

Rob Roggema, Luke Middleton, Wanglin Yan

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 149 - 185 2017.05

Accepted

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The lessons derived from 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and the repercussion of the myopic decision-making structures

Misato Uehara, Wanglin Yan

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 19 - 37 2017.05

Accepted

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. The holistic land use planning process might contribute to reduce the risk of natural disaster and mitigate climate change. This also reduces huge national budget waste for reconstruction and social care after disasters. The aim of this study was to reveal the lessons derived from 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, Tsunami, and the Fukushima nuclear accident. The history of 2011 Tohoku disaster area's land use planning and actual land use change was analyzed. This found that destroyed developments by 2011 disaster have an essentially similar issue; bad repercussions of the myopic decision making structures. It suggests that holistic decision making with interactive land use planning process is important.

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The design process

Rob Roggema, Wanglin Yan

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 47 - 61 2017.05

Accepted

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Post-3.11 reconstruction, an uneasy mission

Wanglin Yan, Rob Roggema

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 7 - 18 2017.05

Accepted

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Planning and design in Minamisoma: Reborn, rethink, return

Rob Roggema, Luke Middleton, Wanglin Yan

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 63 - 94 2017.05

Accepted

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Planning and design in Kesennuma: Remember, reconnect, reform

Wanglin Yan, Rob Roggema, Luke Middleton

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 95 - 111 2017.05

Accepted

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Government led reconstruction activities in Fukushima with a specific focus on the reconstruction supporters project: Importance of human recovery

Ryo Sakurai, Wanglin Yan

Tsunami and Fukushima Disaster: Design for Reconstruction 39 - 46 2017.05

Accepted

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. After the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, which resulted in a triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accident), the Japanese government both at local and national level has implemented reconstruction and revitalization measures. In this chapter, the author discusses the importance of human recovery after the disaster and specifically examines one project; the Reconstruction Supporters Project. This project initiated the restoration of the psychological health of communities and residents. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications established the project, and has currently arranged 452 supporters to settle in the devastated area helping local residents and to revitalize the region.

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Understanding change through the lens of resilience

Wanglin Yan, Will Galloway

Rethinking Resilience, Adaptation and Transformation in a Time of Change 3 - 20 2017.03

Accepted

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. Though change is often problematic and complicated by circumstance, and in the case of disaster profoundly damaging, it can also be an opportunity to improve otherwise intractable systemic problems. With that in mind, this chapter defines the nature of change as viewed through the lens of resilience and further outlines the relationship between resilience, adaptation, and transformation. Because change is often negative, strategies to build resilience are rationally directed towards coping with its consequences or resisting it outright. Similarly, because change is complicated, with many inter-connected parts, it is difficult to prepare for even when its causes are well understood. Most contemporary theories of resilience recognize the role of complexity, risk and vulnerability, but there is not yet a strong understanding of how to manage change as it impacts groups differently across scales, from local communities to regions, or even nations. The authors propose that resilience planning and theory can be improved by acknowledging the complexities of the adaptive cycle and panarchy in particular. The chapters of the book are offered as case studies and amplification of this idea, either in practice or in theory, from the perspective of multiple fields. The point of view is global, but includes informative chapters written by Japanese contributors who focus on the unprecedented change brought about by the 2011 Tohoku disaster in northern Japan. This perspective is often missing in such collections primarily because of the language barrier.

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Understanding resilience through the lens of change

Will Galloway, Wanglin Yan

Rethinking Resilience, Adaptation and Transformation in a Time of Change 389 - 396 2017.03

Accepted

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. Building resilience requires a good strategy for managing change across disciplines as well as scales of community. The chief difficulty is that it can be difficult to recognize the nature of change even when processes are ongoing and easy to observe. Inertia and the bias of previous knowledge can cloud perspective, while a lack of communication and even awareness of issues between local communities and government or other groups, hinders the process. Change is a powerful motivator for planning resilience. The complexity that usually comes with it suggests we need to build in enough flexibility to manage the unknown as it comes up rather than try to plan for all events in advance. That is not to say that preparation is not useful. To the contrary, it is important to become as best informed as possible of risks and vulnerabilities, as well as to share knowledge about best practices and lessons learned from experience at every level of practice. In that regard, learning is an important part of the process. Building on the body of texts collected in this book the authors propose two key insights: 1. In the case of resilience, learning is best undertaken as a reflexive practice, meaning that knowledge should be constantly tested by practice and critical questioning. 2. Building an approach to resilience that incorporates all scales is essential in order to manage complex problems. Future research will aim to test these insights by finding case studies that show how communities modified their response as they responded in a crisis. Using that information an evidence based process can be developed for policy makers and leaders in order to prepare communities to act more effectively and be more resilient in the face of change.

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Land cover changes from 1995 to 2016 in sebubus forest of sambas regency, Indonesia

Muriadi, Wang Lin Yan

Proceedings - 2016 International Electronics Symposium, IES 2016 369 - 374 2017.02

Accepted

© 2016 IEEE. It is broadly known that tropical peat forest plays important role for local and regional social and environmental wellbeing. Nonetheless the existence is under serious threat due to unsustainable human activities that often exacerbated by extreme weather events. Monitoring and understanding health of tropical peat forest can help to determine correct measures to tackle any adverse impacts resulted from degraded tropical peat forest as well as mitigate and prevent continuing degradation of the ecosystems itself. This research applies remote sensing and Geographical Information System for investigating historical land cover changes in Sebubus Forest through analysis of Landsat images during period 1995 until 2016. The purpose is to understand how land cover of the 'Productive Forest', as it is classified by Indonesian Regulations on forestry, has been changing over time and the times when its dramatic transformation were happened. A matrix derived from multitemporal satellite image analysis is presented to understand land cover transitions and intensity. This investigation found that the forest were trees' covered until 2005 when some dramatic land cover changes began. Even though protected by regulation, Sebubus Forest area is not safe from adverse impact of human activities. By 2016 it is likely only less then 12% of the total peat land area remains covered by forest.

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Adventure education

Denise Mitten, Lewis Ting Cheung, Wanglin Yan, Robert Withrow-Clark

Urban Environmental Education Review 232 - 241 2017.01

Accepted

Study on each phase characteristics of the whole coal life cycle and their ecological risk assessment-a case of coal in China.

Wenting Dai, Jihong Dong, Wanglin Yan, Jiren Xu

Environmental science and pollution research international (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG) 24 ( 2 ) 1296 - 1305 2017.01

Accepted, ISSN 0944-1344

The paper divided the whole coal life cycle, explained each phase characteristics, and took coal mine in China as a study case to assess the ecological risk in coal utilization phase. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the whole coal life cycle is divided into coal mining, processing, transportation, utilization, and waste disposal. (2) The key points of production organization and characteristics in the five phases have great differences. The coal mining phase is characterized by the damage of the key ecological factors (water, soil, atmosphere, vegetation, etc.) damaged while the coal processing phase by discharging waste. The characteristics in coal transportation phase mainly performance as escaping and migration of atmospheric pollutants. In coal utilization phase, the main characteristics are aggravation of greenhouse effect. The main characteristics of waste disposal phase are accumulation of negative ecological effects on the land. (3) The ecological risk of soil heavy metals is serious in coal utilization phase. The potential ecological hazard coefficients of Pb and As in coal, residue and ash are all lower than 40, presenting low environmental impact on soil; the potential ecological risk coefficients of Cd are higher than 60, nearly half of their potential ecological risk coefficients are higher than 160, which presents high environmental pollution impact on soil; Hg's potential ecological risk coefficients are higher than 320, presenting the highest environmental pollution impact on soil; the comprehensive pollution indexes in coal, residue, and ash are relatively high, which means the pollution hazard potential to soil environment is high. (4) The ecological risk of the atmospheric solid suspended matter is relatively strong in coal utilization phase. The ecological risk of Cd and As in primary flue gas is both lower than net flue gas. The geoaccumulation indexes of Cd and Hg in primary flue gas and net flue gas are both higher than 5, presenting the very strong ecological risk; 50 % of the geoaccumulation index values of As are between 3 and 4, which has also presenting a strong ecological risk while Pb does not present the ecological risk characterization.

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COMPARISON OF REGRESSION MODEL AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR ENERGY BENCHMARKING OF ACCOMMODATION BUILDINGS IN KANTO, JAPAN

Haitham Alkhalaf, Wanglin Yan

ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY VIII (WIT PRESS) 224 71 - 82 2017

Accepted, ISSN 1743-3541

Energy performance of residential and non-residential buildings is a vital topic because of fast urbanization in the world. The accommodation buildings are considered as high energy intensive comparing to other commercial building' categories. In addition, it has an important contribution in tourism industry. Therefore, variety of models and plans have been applied to reduce the energy consumption of accommodation buildings. This research depends on database of energy consumption of commercial buildings in Japan as main source of data. Data-base for Energy Consumption of Commercial building (DECC) is a national survey, it is disclosed by Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC). Base on DECC, a benchmark system is developed by applying regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods to assess the energy performance of accommodation building in Kanto region-Japan. The study investigate the primary energy model of selected samples according to consumption' trends of electricity, gas and clean water. The developed benchmarks by ANN and regression models were compared to ensure a robust benchmark system as a powerful tool for energy performance' assessment. This study points out the necessity to benchmark the energy performance of accommodation buildings and other categories in Japan. In addition, it is important to consider other variables that affect energy use of buildings.

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A Fuzzy System for Quality Assurance of Crowdsourced Wildlife Observation Geodata

Hossein Vahidi, Wanglin Yan, Brian Klinkenberg

2017 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS SYMPOSIUM ON KNOWLEDGE CREATION AND INTELLIGENT COMPUTING (IES-KCIC) (IEEE) 2017-January 55 - 58 2017

Accepted

A conceptual model for quality assurance of species occurrence observations in citizen science projects is described below. We adopted the notion of trust as an indicator of VGI quality and define the concept of trustworthiness of a VGI record as a function of three main contexts: consistency with habitat, consistency with neighbors, and the reputation of the volunteer. Using fuzzy control system the quality of an observation is quantified in terms of the level of the trustworthiness of the volunteered species observation. The architecture of the proposed system is briefly described and some results presented. Finally, our paper ends with concluding remarks and some thoughts for future research directions.

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Evaluating renewable natural resources flow and net primary productivity with a GIS-Emergy approach: A case study of Hokkaido, Japan

Wang, C., Zhang, S., Yan, W., Wang, R., Liu, J., & Wang, Y.

Nature Scientific Report (Nature Publishing Group) doi: 10.1038/srep37552 37552 - 37552 2016.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 2045-2322

Renewable natural resources, such as solar radiation, rainfall, wind, and geothermal heat, together with ecosystem services, provide the elementary supports for the sustainable development of human society. To improve regional sustainability, we studied the spatial distributions and quantities of renewable natural resources and net primary productivity (NPP) in Hokkaido, which is the second largest island of Japan. With the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) software, distribution maps for each type of renewable natural resource were generated by kriging interpolation based on statistical records. A composite map of the flow of all types of renewable natural resources was also generated by map layer overlapping. Additionally, we utilized emergy analysis to convert each renewable flow with different attributes into a unified unit (i.e., solar equivalent joules [sej]). As a result, the spatial distributions of the flow of renewable natural resources of the Hokkaido region are presented in the form of thematic emergy maps. Thus, the areas with higher renewable emergy can be easily visualized and identified. The dominant renewable flow in certain areas can also be directly distinguished. The results can provide useful information for regional sustainable development, environmental conservation and ecological management.

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共創型復興まちづくりの実践とレジリエンスの形成

厳網林, Rob Roggema, 大場章弘, Luke Middleton, 金森貴洋

SFC Journal (湘南藤沢学会) 16 26 - 59 2016.09

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

集団移転団地における高齢者の徒歩アクセシビリティ評価―東日本大震災における宮城県気仙沼市の事例―

金森貴洋, 厳網林

SFC Journal (湘南藤沢学会) 16 152 - 169 2016.09

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted

How is an informal transport infrastructure system formed ? Towards a spatially explicit conceptual model.

Vahidi, H., & Yan, W.

Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards (Springer) 1 1 - 26 2016.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Applying DEM Data to Improve Performance of Water Extraction Indices using Landsat 8 OLI images in Mountainous Area

Elham Goumehei, Wanglin Yan

2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS SYMPOSIUM (IES) (IEEE) 455 - 458 2016

Accepted

Water is one of the most important earth resources which is essential to human health, society and environment. Studies on water extraction and changes have been subjects of academic studies for many years. Remote sensing as an efficient and reliable tool has been used in recent years and Landsat satellite imagery were one of the most common data due to their advantages in spatial resolution and cost. Improvement of new Landsat 8, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) data attracted more attentions recently. This study uses the Landsat 8 OLI imagery data source for water information extraction based on the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Water Index (MNDWI) and Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) to compare the effect of using The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) in mountainous area. The study area is Kermanshah, in west of Iran, a mountainous area which has difficulties for water extraction due to shadows and dark objects. Due to small area of water bodies in study area user's accuracy were used for evaluation of results. User accuracy for water class gives results of 23.68%, 24.34% and 22.57% for NDWI, MNDWI and AWEI, respectively. In other words, around 77% of pixels which classified as water are not water and are misclassified pixels. Applying DEM data improves results to 27.44%, 29.1% and 27.22% for NDWI, MNDWI and AWEI, respectively which shows slight increase of 3.76%, 4.88% and 4.65%.

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Planning an Agent-Based Network for Livestock Production and Meat Distribution in Mongolia

YAN Wanglin, Akihiro Oba, Suvdantsetseg Balt

Proceedings of the Trans-disciplinary Research Conference: Building Resilience of Mongolian Rangelands, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia, June 9-10, 2015 199 - 205 2015.06

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Early Warning System for Pastoral Herders to Reduce Disaster Risk by Using a Mobile SMS Service

Suvdantsetseg Balt1, Akihiro Oba and 厳網林

Proceedings of the Trans-disciplinary Research Conference: Building Resilience of Mongolian Rangelands, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia, June 9-10, 2015 185 - 189 2015.06

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Lesson learned from government and private-sponsored ‘woody biomass’ project —case study of Shimokawa and Hita

Eky Yenita Ristanti, YAN Wanglin

Procedia Environmental Sciences (Elsevier) 28 21 - 26 2015.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1878-0296

This study is aimed at synthesizing the social value-based model of Shimokawa, Hokkaido with economic value-based model of Hita, Oita to implement woody biomass renewable energy business in Japan. These two areas were chosen to highlight their contradictory economic and social situations in utilizing their abundant forest resources. The research uses an in-depth interview of stakeholders involved in the woody biomass project in both regions. The role of woody biomass in Hita and neighboring areas deals with renewable energy business, while in Shimokawa it handles an aging society issue and sustainability. By 2013, Hita has two woody biomass power plants operated, which utilized a total of 160,000 tons/year wood chips. Shimokawa promotes sustainable life by implementing Forest Future City model in which resources, society, and industry are integrated to achieve quality life. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Towards Spatially Explicit Agent-based Model for Simulation of Informal Transport Infrastructure Indirect Growth Dynamic in Informal Settlements

Vahidi Hossein, YAN Wanglin

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-2/W3, 2014 The 1st ISPRS The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH) XL-2/W3 ( 2W3 ) 273 - 279 2014.11

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1682-1750

The informal construction of dwellings (housing) and the informal growth of transport infrastructure are two main dynamics of an informal settlement growth phenomenon that may influence each other over time. Some studies have been done to understand the growth mechanisms of informal settlements, but not enough attention has been paid to study the informal growth of transport infrastructure dynamic. In this study, the morphology and spatial pattern of different types of informal settlements have been reviewed and categorized to clearly define and formulate the mechanisms of informal transport infrastructure formation in the context of informal settlement. To this end, two different dynamics have been suggested in this study for modelling of the growth of informal transport infrastructure. In the first suggested dynamic, the infrastructure is extended directly as the result of consolidation of the physical signs of dwellers' movement (foot prints) on the environment over time. In the second proposed dynamic that is the main focus of this study, the informal infrastructure growth could be considered as the function of dwelling construction (housing) dynamic in the settlement. In this context, informal transport infrastructure is extended based on an indirect dynamic by consideration of the void spaces by dwellers as the accessibility corridors in the settlement during the construction process of the settlement. Finally, to study the validity of the second proposed dynamic for modelling of the indirect growth of informal transport infrastructure, a simple conceptual model was developed and tested and the results were evaluated and discussed.

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Radiation-Driven Migration: The Case of Minamisoma City, Fukushima, Japan, after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident.

Zhang Hui, YAN Wanglin and Oba Akihiro

International journal of environmental research and public health ((9), pp.9286–9305.) 11 ( 9 ) 9286 - 9305 2014.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1660-4601

The emigration of residents following the Fukushima nuclear accident has resulted in aging and depopulation problems in radiation-contaminated areas. The recovery of affected areas, and even those areas with low radioactive pollution levels, is still heavily affected by this problem. This slow recovery consequently affects immigration patterns. This review aims to present possible factors that have contributed to this dilemma. We first present an overview of the evacuation protocol that was administered in the study area following the Fukushima accident. We then analyze characteristics of the subsequent exodus by comparing population data for both before and after the accident.

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Monitoring shoreline change on Djerba Island using GIS and multi-temporal satellite data

Majed Bouchahma, Wanglin Yan

ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG) 7 ( 9 ) 3705 - 3713 2014.09

Accepted, ISSN 1866-7511

In the absence of a generic approach to study shoreline changes, this research focus on the development of a generic methodology to detect, measure, analyze, and predict shoreline changes to manage coastal environment. The unique strength of this approach is that it incorporates image processing techniques, remotely sensed derived data into a GIS to analyze measure, and predict and visualize shoreline changes. It is independent from the study region or the remote sensing data. This methodology uses Speeded Up Robust Feature to detect the study regions from satellite images automatically. Also, it proposes a model of shoreline using the Canny edge detector on Normalized Difference Water Index image. To measure the changes, Digital Shoreline Analysis System extension of ArcGIS was used and the End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) approaches were used on the modeled shoreline. The EPR is calculated by dividing the distance of shoreline movement by the time elapsed between the oldest and the most recent shoreline. A LRR statistic can be determined by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. Three regions of the island of Djerba in Tunisia were selected for this study; Rass Errmall, El Kastil, and Aghir. Accretions as well as erosion processes were observed in the study areas between 1984 and 2009. The average of the erosion was around -6.95 m/year in Aghir. The average of erosion is around -4.09 m/year and accretion trend is around +11.7 m/year in Rass Errmall. El Kastil was under a remarkable accretion with 21.14 m/year during the same period.

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Urbanization and its implications for avian aggression: a case study of urban black kites (Milvus migrans) along Sagami Bay in Japan

Dana M. Galbreath, Tomohiro Ichinose, Tomoyuki Furutani, Wanglin Yan, Hiroyoshi Higuchi

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (SPRINGER) 29 ( 1 ) 169 - 178 2014.01

Accepted, ISSN 0921-2973

Urbanization has caused countless changes in the lives, behaviors, and community structures of wild animals. Habitat loss in urban areas has led to the proliferation of certain species over others; in the case of birds, frugivores and certain predators can be found in abundance in cities. These birds, however, occasionally show novel behaviors that can cause stress within human-wildlife interactions. The black kite, Milvus migrans, for example, has displayed a tendency to attack humans for their food in certain urban areas in Japan. In order to determine how habitat availability and land-use types affected these aggressive tendencies, field observations were combined with GIS analysis of five locations along Sagami Bay in Japan. The following locations were assessed according to the amount of each land-use type present and the aggressive tendencies of each location's black kite population: Enoshima, Fujisawa; Kamakura Beach, Kamakura; Zushi Beach, Zushi; Oiso Beach, Oiso; and Iwa Beach, Manazuru. The aggression of each population, designated by the log of the aggression index, was found to be significantly affected by the amount of forest area per black kite, the amount of non-rice-paddy agricultural area per black kite, and the season. Thus, aggression was higher amongst populations with less forested or agricultural area within their foraging zones, and aggression increased during spring, which is the breeding season.

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住民ワークショップによるSWOT分析と震災復興計画の策定の試み

厳網林, 小林知記, 大場章弘, ウイリアムガロウエイ, 中田謙太郎, 池下智之, 村杉汐音

地理情報システム学会講演論文集 (地理情報システム学会) 22 2013.10

Joint Work

Monitoring shoreline change o Djerba Island using GIS and multi-temporal satellite data

Bouchahama Majed and YAN Wanglin

Arabian Journal of Geosciences (Springer) 6 ( August ) 2013.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Design of livestock management tool for climate change risk in Mongolia

A. Oba, W. Yan

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives 39 437 - 438 2012

Accepted, ISSN 1682-1750

© 2012 ISPRS. In Mongolia, from 1999 to 2001 and 2009 to 2010, about 10 million livestock animals were seriously died due to starvation and the cold by effects of overgrazing and Zud: extreme snow in winter season. Thus, it is required to reduce its risk by controlling number of overwinter livestock animals. In order to do that, it is required to simulate how many animals do herders have to sell followed by carrying capacity. In order to avoid climate risk, it is necessary to manage farming comprehensively and control livestock numbers. Nevertheless it needs to consider about management, we have to research information about each management under different conditions of each area in all Mongolia. Thus, it needs to survey livestock management workflows of regional administration and GIS data about rangeland areas and their attributes in order to evaluate their nomadic life and their livestock objectively. It is essential to use some tools that have the function of processing the spatial data. It could cover wide areas and have different abilities for spatial relations. To solve this problem; we analyzed management workflows of herder and regional administration working in Mongolia, and designed a hierarchical structure of tables and data layers with the relational database. With this structure, we developed the structure of a WebGIS tool on the Adobe Flex platform for livestock management visually. It will be also useful for them to improve the accountability of activities. This system is a versatile WebGIS tool which can interact with various spatial scales.

Long-term coastal changes detection system based on remote sensing and image processing around an island.

Maged Bouchahma, Wanglin Yan

Proceedings - 2012 20th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2012 (IEEE) 1 - 5 2012

Accepted

As an island ecosystem, Djerba, a region of Tunisia located on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by limited natural resources and threatened by land degradation due to rapid socio-economic development and heavy human-induced changes to the landscape. The objective of this study is to build a system based on computer vision and remote sensing data for monitoring changes in the coastal zones of an island. We employed monthly Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite images of the study area ranging from 1984 to 2009. The images were preprocessed using the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm to superimpose remote sensing images at exactly the same coordinates. We then used comparison technique to auto-validate the detection of changes. The technique is based on a window-to-window comparison of the coastal zones. Three highly affected regions were identified. The Bin El-Ouidiane (in the southeast) and Rass Errmal (in the north) regions underwent deposition during the study period, whereas the region of Rass El Kastil (in the north) underwent high erosion. © 2012 IEEE.

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Integration of flood forecasting model with the web-based system for improving flood monitoring, and the alert system

Ponthip Limlahapun, Hiromichi Fukui, Wanglin Yan, Tomohiro Ichinose

2011 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND SYSTEMS (ICCAS) (IEEE) 767 - 772 2011

Accepted, ISSN 1598-7833

Limited flood disaster information causes insufficient justification for public awareness, therefore, improving flood practice management is needed. This paper applies the flood forecasting model and atmospheric model to identify rainfall distribution and to investigate the threshold values for alert system. The entire system aims to improve flood monitoring, information distribution and an alert system. The geospatial web based system is established to facilitate public awareness by allocating information in timely manner without cumbersome software installation.The process to obtain rainfall and river discharge data, input and transfer data, through the database can be launched after other parameters i.e. elevation, soil, land cover, and basin boundary are set. The entire process takes approximately 15 minutes. The flood warning system and the geospatial web based system are connected to the database and promptly alert in the case of emergency.The yields prove promising results, based on the amount of time and viable function. The existing rainfall spatial based pattern, received from the atmospheric model, takes about 72 minutes to achieve one hourly image. It is a suitable model for observing regional rainfall distribution. It does not serve immediate alert purpose in the emergency situation due to it is too time consuming.

Onigokko: a pervasive tag game for spatial thinking.

Wanglin Yan, Tatsuya Maeda, Akihiro Oba, Chisho Ueda

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series (ACM) 40 - 2 2011

Accepted

This article considers the development of a traditional Japanese tag game, Onigokko in terms of critical spatial thinking. Cameraembedded GPS mobile phones are used as a tool for positioning, touching, and communicating. A web server is used for planning games, monitoring the movements of teams and sharing information among players. Using city streets or country villages as playgrounds, team members collect points by visiting checkpoints and touching (i.e. taking photographs) enemy teams. Real-time communications by mobile phones enable players to think spatially and move strategically. The experiment demonstrates that the system functions well. The game is perceived as thrilling and is therefore able to foster a remarkable improvement in critical spatial thinking.

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中国の都市システム

YAN Wanglin

統計 (日本統計協会) 2010 ( 8 ) 21-28 - 28 2010.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, ISSN 0285-7677

Mashing up geospatial data services: Implications of acceptable use policies

Songnian Li, Wanglin Yan

Geomatica 64 ( 1 ) 111 - 122 2010

Accepted, ISSN 1195-1036

On average, mashups tagged with the keyword "mapping" account for about 40% of the total mashups currently developed. One major cause for this phenomenon are the widely-available, free, online mapping services provided by mainstream IT firms. For example, Google has developed easy-to-use map application programming interfaces (APIs) and estimates over 150 million visitors to its map services as of May 2009. However, this unprecedented development of Web 2.0 functionality has been subject to existing acceptable use policies accompanying the services and service APIs. This paper reviews and analyzes the existing Terms of Use or Terms of Service from a number of private online mapping service providers, and presents observations on the potential social, organizational, and technical implications of the current acceptable use policies in developing map mashups and related applications. It argues that existing acceptable use policies may not support a healthy mashup ecosystem.

New Origin of Tianfu: an Ecological Reconstruction Plan of the Dujiangyan City after the Sichuan Earthquake

ISHIKAWA Mikiko, YAN Wanglin, CUI Hang, KATO Takaaki and ZHAO Wei

Ideal Space (同済大学出版社：中国上海) 30 115-120 2008.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

A study on the spatial distribution and factors of the farmland diversion for parking field or dump-site in suburban area

INABA Yoshiyuki and YAN Wanglin

Journal of Environmental Information Science (環境情報科学センター) 22 547-552 2008.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

This paper aims to investigate the spatial distribution and the factors of the farmland diversion for parking field or dump-site using GIS and statistical analysis. The results are described as follows: 1) These type of farmland diversion has increased since 2000 in the urbanization control area in the suburb. 2) It is shown that there are different types of special distribution between the farmland diversion and the cultivation abandonment. 3) This phenomenon is caused by agricultural and urbanized factors especially intensive horticulture.

ALOS/PRISM画像を用いた地震による建物倒壊状況の抽出

YAN Wanglin

第38回土木計画学年次学術発表会 38 2008

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work

Development of method for detection of grazing activities with time-series satellite images in Plateau Region

Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Ryosuke Shibasaki, Wanglin Yan

28th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2007, ACRS 2007 2 794 - 799 2007

Accepted

There are serious land degradations caused by overgrazing in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Regional planning to preserve the plateau ecosystem is urgently needed. In this study, multi polynomial regression between EVI derived from MODIS satellite images and natural conditions for each pixel in time-series is taken at grazing land and conservation area. The result shows the response of EVI to land surface temperature and precipitation has a strong spatial auto correlation, and has significant relationships with elevation. The relationship expects the affection of grazing activities. In addition, the residuals are associated to the existence of grazing activities. This knowledge will be useful for mapping of grazing activities and the affection.

The assessment of ecosystem services of"satoyama" in suburban area - A case study in north west fujisawa area

Yoshiyuki Inaba, Wanglin Yan

Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, CUPUM 2007 1 - 12 2007

Accepted

This paper aims to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services in the suburban Satoyama area. First, we have grouped ecosystem services into 13 indices based on Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Land use data at 1/2500 scale is used for mapping ecosystems and 12 categories were classified, in consideration of the characteristic of the suburban Satoyama region such as paddy field and abandoned cultivation. Then, we have made 5 terms of land use maps(1955-2005) with GIS and traced the transition of the land use for 50 years. Agricultural productive service was estimated from statistical data. Regulating services were estimated from models of research in the past that is applicable to Satoyama region. Cultural service and supporting service were surveyed with questionnaires and estimated by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Consequently, productive service value of 3 billion yen and Regulating and cultural service of 0.6 billion yen were estimated.

Mapping the spatial structure of urban canopy layers with GIS and remotely sensed TIR images

Wanglin Yan

Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, CUPUM 2007 1 - 13 2007

Accepted

This study, conducted to support for urban thermal environment planning, developed a new method for mapping the spatial structure of urban canopy layers. The technique, called Raster-Patch-Cluster Scheme, employs landscape and ecological indicators combined with thermal characteristics identified by use of thermal satellite images. It was found that the urban thermal environment develops at the local scale and exhibits differences in density and forms of canopy layers. ASTER/TIR with 90 m resolution was found to be a useful data source for elucidating such local climatic phenomena. The intensities of local heat or cool islands exhibit significant logarithmic relationships with the size of urban canopy features. This means that the extent and intensity of urban heat islands increases with the expansion of urbanized areas of a city as well as with the agglomeration of land use intensity. The conclusions suggest that mitigation measures for the prevention of urban island development are likely to be effective if implemented at early stages of urbanization.

Analysis of the geographical process of land degradations in plateau region with time-sereies satellite images

Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Ryosuke Shibasaki, Wanglin Yan

Asian Association on Remote Sensing - 27th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, ACRS 2006 806 - 811 2006

Accepted

There are serious land degradations caused by overgrazing in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Regional planning to preserve the plateau ecosystem is urgently needed. In this study, we develop a method to detect land degradations using time-series satellite images with a concept of resistance and resilience. A case study on plain field in Qinghai-Tibet plateau shows significant relationships between land degradation and topographical factors. In addition, the tendency of grazing activities had changed over the drought year. This knowledge will assist to predict the process of land degradations caused by grazing activity and prevent grazing activity to invade preserved area.

住民主体とした里山景観保全活動のためのGISモデルの開発と実証実験

YAN Wanglin

第３回研究助成事業成果報告会資料集 (財団法人日本建設情報総合センター) 193-414 2005.11

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

環境時代の都市再生戦略－自然資本に立つ地域自立へのみち、

YAN Wanglin

個性かがやく都市の再生 (全国市長会) 41-44 2005.10

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Single Work

総合政策学による環境ガバナンスの実践－東アジアにおける環境問題と国際政策協調スキームの構築－

YAN Wanglin

総合政策学ワーキングペーパー (慶應義塾大学) ( 79 ) 1-36 2005.08

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

地域の環境特性がヒートアイランドの空間構造に与える影響に関する景観生態的分析

YAN Wanglin

平成15〜16年度科学研究費助成金研究成果報告書 88 2005.03

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

京都議定書クリーン開発メカニズム（CDM）による持続可能な植林スキームの構築－慶應義塾大学と中国瀋陽市林業局の共同実験－

厳網林, 小島朋之, 早見均

総合政策学ワーキングペーパー (慶應義塾大学) ( 56 ) 1-20 2005.01

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

Estimation of Urban Heat Island Intensity with Landsat/TM Thermal Images

YAN Wanglin and Takehiko Mikami

Journal of Geography (Tokyo Geographical Society) 113 ( 4 ) 482-494 - 494 2004.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0022-135X

Urban Heat Island, a meteorological phenomenon that the air temperature in urban area raises more than suburbs, grows with the progress of urbanization. The difference of air temperatures between city center and suburbs is called Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII). UHII is usually calculated as the fluctuation of the highest and lowest value of the ground-observed air temperatures. However, the magnitude of UHII may vary with the locations of observations. Satellite remote sensing has been expected as an effective way for obtaining thermal information of the earth surface with high resolution. However, the possibility and the way to evaluate UHII with brightness temperature (BTUHII) from satellite images have not been verified yet. This paper, taking Tokyo as study area, aims to clarify the method for calculating BTUHII with Landsat/TM thermal images and verifying its usability with in situ ATUHII. Based on the principle of ATUHII, we considered that BTUHII must be estimated with the same spatial resolution as the spatial scale that air temperatures are formed. This is called resolution condition. Moreover, the highest and the lowest temperatures for BTUHII must come from the similar land uses with those for ATUHII. This is called land use condition. Our previous research has shown that the brightness temperatures reach a maximal correlation with air temperatures in the distance about 600m in Tokyo. Invoking this result, we improved the spatial resolution of brightness temperature by applying a low path filter to the Landsat/TM night thermal image dated on March 1, 1999. For matching land use condition, we regrouped the 10m high-resolution land use data into 8 land use categories according to the brightness temperature and NDVI. In addition, we divided the study area from city center to suburbs into 6 zones: CBD, SubCBD, within 10km, 10-20km, 20-30km, and beyond 30km for taking account the impact of land uses in different distance sphere. As the results, the following facts have been successfully confirmed. (1) In the urban context like Tokyo, resampling brightness temperature image into resolution 500m can effectively remove the influence of cooling or heating facilities and make the spatial structure of UHII much clearer. (2) BTUHII is a little smaller than ATUHII but still comparable with each other. (3) Although BTUHII can’t substitute for ATUHII completely, the trend of BTUHII decreasing from city center to suburb is coincident with ATUHII so that BTUHII would be an effective indicator for the comparison of thermal attributes between different urban districts or land use categories. We believe that these conclusions have great significance for using satellite sensed thermal images in the research of urban climatology and the practice of urban planning.

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自然資本の運用による環境保全と社会発展のためのフレームワークの構築-チンハイ・チベット高原を事例として-

Wanglin YAN

総合政策学ワーキングペーパシリーズ (慶應義塾大学大学院政策・メディ研究科) ( 37 ) 1-14 2004.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

中国政府は21世紀の初頭に西部大開発戦略を打ち出し、西部地区に新たな発展のチャンスをもたらした。しかし、地理的および社会的条件の制約が大きいため、西部開発は東部沿海地域と同じ方法ではうまくいかない。一方、自然資本の概念や京都議定書が提唱したクリーン開発メカニズム（CDM）は我々に新しい考え方と仕組みを提供してくれた。これをもとにして世界各地において自然資本の評価や市場メカニズムの構築が研究・実践されている。本稿は自然資本の概念と国連ミレニアムアセスメント（MA）が提唱したエコシステムアセスメントの方法をチンハイ・チベット高原に適用するフレームワークを提示したものである。それは(１)高原地域のエコシステムの調査、(２)高原のエコシステムサービスの評価、(３)エコシステムサービスを持続可能にする地域政策の設計、及び(４)自然資本の市場メカニズムの構築、という４つの部分から構成されている。そのフレームワークを実施することにより、中国の西部と東部の間、そして中国と世界との間において、生態環境の改善につとめる人とそのサービスを受ける人が市場によって一体化されることになり、環境保全と経済発展と人間福祉という多数の目標を協調して達成させることが可能となる。

地域エコシステムのマッピングとエコシステムサービスの評価－地域環境ガバナンスのためのGISツールの適用

Wanglin YAN, Aya MATSUZAKI and Mikako SHIGIHARA

総合政策学ワーキングペーパシリーズ (慶應義塾大学大学院政策・メディ研究科) ( 6 ) 1-17 2003.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

This study attempts to map the spatial structure of regional ecosystems and to value the ecosystem services for environmental governance with a community-based GIS tool called CITYgreen. We practiced a multi-scale approach to map a wide region with satellite images for regional ecomap, geographic datasets for district ecomap and field survey for community ecomap. These three ecomaps have different ecotope categories and could be used for urban and regional planning, environmental design and local environmental conservation activities. Regardless of the scales, the ecomaps provide three functions: inventorying elements of ecosystems, analyzing the spatial structures of ecosystems and valuing ecosystem services such as the fixation and sequestration of carbon dioxide and filtration of atmospheric pollutants etc. Yokohama City, Tsuzuki Ward, a residential quarter have been selected as study areas at the three scales respectively. The experimental ecomaps show that this is an effective method to grasp the complex of regional ecosystems spatially and the tool is applicable to calculate ecosystem services for public participated regional environment improvement.

衛星熱画像を用いた都市域の温度分布特性の分析

Toshihiro HARUKI, Wanglin YAN and Hiromi Kobori

地理情報システム学会講演論文集 (地理情報システム学会) 12 115-118 2003.10

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work

The thermal characteristics of Tokyo Metropolitan Area and Yokohama City were analyzed using the Landsat TM images to clarify the features of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Since high correlation between remotely observed brightness temperature and ground air temperature had verified under the definite conditions, spatial and field-data of brightness temperature obtained from the Landsat TM thermal images was used in this study. It was clarified that the temperature of the forests, parks, and the other green spaces in the southern Tokyo Metropolitan Area is lower than the average temperature in the region. As a result, these green spaces could contribute to ease UHI phenomenon in the Area. Ｉｎ the contrast, the temperature of these green spaces exceeds the average temperature in Northern Yokohama City, resulting in acceleration of UHI. More detailed analysis demonstrated the heat point sources as well as cool point sources within the both areas.

Measuring Urban Heat Island with Landsat TM thermal image

Wanglin YAN

International Conference on Computers on Urban Planning and Urban Management 2003.05

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Single Work, Accepted

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that the air temperature in urban area is higher than suburbs. The difference of air temperature between downtown area and suburb is called UHI intensity (UHII). Satellite remote sensing is an effective way to capture thermal information spatially over a wide area with high resolution. However, the possibility and the method of measuring UHII with thermal images remain unclear so far. This paper examined the impacts of urban forms on the satellite-observed brightness temperature and the ground-observed air temperature, and discussed the quantitative method of measuring UHII with brightness temperature under certain conditions. Low-pass filter was applied to brightness temperature, and the UHII was evaluated by landscape categorizes and distance zones from the center business district to suburbs. It turns out that the brightness temperature data could give a comparable UHII with that of air temperature observed on the ground when spatial and landscape conditions are consistent with each other.

Mapping the spatial structure of urban ecosystems and calculating the value of trees in Yokohama City

Wanglin YAN and Aya MATSUZAKI

The 8th Inter-university Seminar on Asian Megacities 2003.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Single Work

Autonomous intelligent system and its application in driving assistant of vehicle safety

Tao Yu, Li Zhong Yu, Zheng Wang, Wang Lin Yan

Gongku Jiaotong Keji/Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development 19 ( 6 ) 136 2002.12

Accepted, ISSN 1002-0268

衛星画像による中国内蒙古自治区ホルチン沙地の砂漠化の解析

Wanglin YAN and takuro OKAMOTO

地理情報システム学会講演論文集 12 397-400 2002.10

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Single Work

This study aims to extract the land cover changes and the development of desertification in Kerqin Sandland, Inner Mongolia of China with temporal satellite images. The landscape of Kerqin sandland is characterized with bright dunes, moist lower land and green grassland and forest. This structure well matches with the brightness, wetness and greenness of the Tasseled Cap Transformation of TM data. With this spectral transformation, we classified the land covers and evaluated the development of desertification with Landsat TM images from 1994 to 2000. This algorithm avoided the impact of different soil moisture between images and found that the desertified land in our study area in 2000 has doubled since 1994 while the restored forest and grassland only increased 50 percent.

Relationship between Surface Temperature from Landsat TM Thermal Images and Air Temperature Observed on the Ground

Wanglin YAN and Takehiko MIKAMI

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) (Tokyo Geographical Society) 111 ( 5 ) 695-710 - 710 2002.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, ISSN 0022-135X

This study, focusing on Tokyo Metropolitan Area, examined the statistical and spatial correlation between remotely observed brightness temperature and ground air temperature observation. Five scenes of thermal images of Landsat TM, including two daytime ones and three nighttime ones, and 72 stationary meteorological observations have been used as data sources.
The ground air temperature extracted from the meteorological records is compared with the satellite-estimated surface temperature for each data set and each radius from 100m to 1000m around meteorological stations separately. As the results, the following factors are concluded.
The correlation coefficient between ground-observed air temperature and satellite derived surface temperature could reach 0.9 under good observation condition. However, the magnitude of the coefficients is affected by weather conditions, time and date of data acquisition as well as spatial scale of data aggregation.
Wind speed not only affects the intensity of UHI but also the correlation coefficients of surface temperature and air temperature. The weaker the wind, the stronger is the UHI, and then the lager the coefficient between the two measurements.
The correlation coefficients between the two are weak in daytime images but strong in nocturnal images. This suggests that nocturnal thermal images prefer to capture the same structure of surface heat island with air heat island at night. Emissivity correction of surface temperature can enhance the correlation, but the intensity of improvement is uncertain. The gap of correlations between nocturnal images and daytime images could not be closed up enough with emissivity correction.
The surface temperature from the radiative power mainly influenced by urban canopy layer composed by micro land features. However, the ground air temperature is also affected by local or mesoscale urban boundary layer. This essential difference causes the correlation of surface temperature and air temperature spatial-dependently. The maximum of the correlation is within 600m around a meteorological station. Therefore, the range of 400-600m may be the reasonable distance for planners to discuss mitigation policy. This could also be a reference to decide the spatial resolution in simulation model.
The simple linear regressive equation in this paper could not be applied to other data and other city. However, this study successfully verified the possibility of transferring satellite derived surface temperature into air temperature. This is meaningful for researches and planners to explore the structure of heat islands or to discuss mitigation policies in microscale.

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ランドサットと地上同時観測によるTM熱画像の気温特性の分析

厳網林

（社）日本リモートセンシング学会第28回学術講演会講演集 147-150 2000.05

Single Work

ITS空間情報技術への新たな挑戦

厳網林

電気学会研究会資料産業システム情報化研究会 ( IIS-00-28〜39 ) 21-26 2000

Single Work

Chapter 12 Multimedia technologies for regional developments

厳網林, Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Yasutaka Matsuo, Kenji Tsutsumi

Local Knowledge and Innovation: Enhancing the sustance of non-metropolitan regions" (Kyoto University) 121-131 1999.12

Joint Work

GIS and multimedia technologies for urban planning

厳網林

Proceedings of International Workshop on GIS Application in Urban Planning and Management organized by UNCRD and the Ministry of Construction 216-232 1999.11

Single Work

An integrated utilization of GPS, RS and GIS for the analyses of urbanization in Shanghai

Wanglin Yan, Sachio Kubo

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference in Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management 1999.07

Joint Work

高解像度リモートセンシングデータによる都市住宅形態の類型化－上海を事例として

厳網林, 黄少博，史中超

地理情報システム学会, 1998.10

Joint Work

高解像度リモートセンシングデータによる都市住宅形態の類型化－上海を事例として

厳網林, 黄少博，史中超

地理情報システム学会講演論文集 7 77-80 1998.10

Joint Work

Modeling Landscape Information for Visualization

厳網林

International Conference on Modeling Geographical and Environmental Systems with Geographical Information Systems 1998.06

Single Work

地理情報システム(GIS)による都市空間の把握と分析

しばさきりょうすけ，げんもうりん

都市問題 (都市市政調査会) 88 ( 9 ) 69-82 1997.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

近代化に伴う上海市都市化の進展

げんもうりん，くぼさちお，いちまるのぶひろ

Journal of Geography (東京地学協会) 104 ( 4 ) 515-524 1995.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

A Knowledge Base and GIS Integrated System for Urban Planning

Wanglin YAN

GIS (GERMANY) 1995 ( 1 ) 10-14 1995.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

The Progress of Urbanization in Shanghai

YAN Wanglin, KUBO Sachio, ISHIMARU Nobuhiro

Journal of geography (Tokyo Geographical Society) 140 ( 4 ) 515 - 524 1995

ISSN 0022-135X

With the rapid economic achievement, urbanized area is increasing by 4-5 % per year in China now. It is necessary to realtimely monitor and analyze the changes in a spatial and quantitative way for reasonable utilization of national lands and healthy growth of cities. But the status of development is not clearly mastered by planners and governors because of the lack of spatial information in China, like most of developing countries in the world. This study aims to temporarily and tangibly investigate the progress of urbanization of Shanghai, the biggest city of China, with an integration of GPS (Global Positioning System), RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for spatial data acquisition and processing. It is concluded that the urbanized area in Shanghai has been expanded by 2.5 times since 1979 and will probably continue until the beginning of the 21st century. As the results of the analyses at a historical and political viewpoint, the urbanization in Shanghai are relatively political than other developing countries or developed countries. The authors believe that the integrated analytical approach used here is widely applicable to many of cities both in China and other developing countries where few of spatial data is available.

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A knowledge-based computer system for zoning

Wanglin Yan, Eihan Shimizu, Hideo Nakamura

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 15 ( 3 ) 125 - 140 1991

Accepted, ISSN 0198-9715

The objective of this paper is to develop a knowledge-based computer system for zoning in land use planning. It discusses how to acquire knowledge from experts and how to utilize this information efficiently. IF-THEN production rules can be derived from the "knowledge structure digraph map," which is obtained by structuring the conscious expertise of planning professionals. A new model concerning the combination of these rules, based on fuzzy inference, is developed in order to simulate human inference more appropriately. A practical application of the system is given and its applicability is discussed. © 1991.

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