Papers - Soga, Tomoyoshi

Simultaneous Determination of Anionic Intermediates for Bacillus subtilis Metabolic Pathways by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Soga, T., Ueno, Y., Naraoka, H., Ohashi, Y., Tomita, M., and Nishioka, T.

Anal. Chem. 74 ( 10 ) 2233 - 2239 2002.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A method for simultaneous determination of anionic metabolites based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described. To prevent current drop by the system, electroosmotic flow (EOF) reversal by using a cationic polymer-coated capillary was indispensable. A mixture containing 32 standards including carboxylic acids, phosphorylated carboxylic acids, phosphorylated saccharides, nucleotides, and nicotinamide and flavin adenine coenzymes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways were separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath-flow electrospray ionization interface. Key to the analysis was EOF reversal using a cationic polymer-coated capillary and an electrolyte system consisting of 50 mM ammonium acetate, pH 9.0. The relative standard deviations of the method were better than 0.4% for migration times and between 0.9% and 5.4% for peak areas. The concentration detection limits for these metabolites were between 0.3 and 6.7 μmol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 30 s (30 nL); i.e., mass detection limits ranged from 9 to 200 fmol, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method was applied to the comprehensive analysis of metabolic intermediates extracted from Bacillus subtilis, and 27 anionic metabolites could be directly detected and quantified.

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Capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of inorganic anions, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates and other anionic compounds

Soga, T., Imaizumi, M.

Electrophoresis 22 ( 16 ) 3418 - 3425 2001.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A previously developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions, amino acids and carbohydrates using 20 mM 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) as the background electrolyte was extended to allow determination of 206 anions including those above – mentioned and physiological amino acids, nucleotides, aromatic acids, haloacetic acids, alcohols, phosphorylated saccharides, oxyhalides, metal oxoacids, metal‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes, forensic anions, Good's buffers and herbicides. Every compound could be analyzed and their electrophoretic mobility determined simply by selecting detection wavelength. This method is simple and universal for anion analysis, and could be readily applied to the simultaneous determination of anionic compounds. In this work, it was used to identify and quantify important anions in sea urchin and sake.

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Direct chiral resolution of malic acid in apple juice by ligand‐exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)‐L‐tartaric acid as a chiral selector

Kodama, S., Yamamoto, A., Matsunaga, A., Soga, T., Hayakawa, K.

Electrophoresis 22 ( 15 ) 3286 - 3290 2001.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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Chiral resolution of native DL-malic acid was achieved by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartrate as a chiral selector. Factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of malic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of malic acid were found to be 1 mM copper(II) sulfate-1 mM L-tartrate (pH 5.1) with an effective voltage of -20 kV at 30 degrees C, using direct detection at 280 nm, and resolution (Rs) of racemic malic acid was approximately 4. With this system, D- and L-malic acids in apple juice were analyzed successfully.

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Determination of carbohydrates in food samples by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

Soga, T., Serwe, M

Food Chem. 69 ( 3 ) 339 - 344 2000.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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An easy and reproducible capillary electrophoretic method with indirect UV detection for the determination of carbohydrates in food samples was described. A highly alkaline pH condition was used in order to charge every carbohydrate negatively. Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was reversed to detect sugar alcohols and to improve the separation of neutral and amino sugars. Under optimized conditions 28 carbohydrates including mono- and disaccharides, uronic acids, sialic acids, amino sugars and sugar alcohols were separated in less than 25 min. The detection limits for fructose, glucose and sucrose were in the range from 12 to 16 mg l−1 with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 6 s (ca. 6 nl) at a signal to noise ratio of 3. The calibration curves were linear over the range from 50 to 10 000 mg l−1 with correlation coefficients better than 0.9999. This method could be readily applied to the analysis of carbohydrates in several foods and beverages. Sample preparation was minimal and consisted either of dilution or dilution with filtration.

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Direct chiral resolution of lactic acid in food products by capillary electrophoresis

Kodama, S., Yamamoto, A., Matsunaga, A., Soga, T., and Minoura, K.

J. Chromatogr. A. 875 ( 1-2 ) 371 - 377 2000.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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Chiral resolution of native dl-lactic acid was performed by capillary electrophoresis using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Various factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of lactic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of lactic acid were found to be 90 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 240 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with an effective voltage of −30 kV at 16°C, using direct detection at 200 nm. In order to enhance the sensitivity, sample injection was done under a pressure of 50 mbar for 200 s. On-line sample concentration was accomplished by sample stacking. With this system, d- and l-lactic acids in food products were analyzed successfully.

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Amino Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Soga, T., Heiger, D.N.

Anal. Chem. 72 ( 6 ) 1236 - 1241 2000.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A method for the determination of underivatized amino acids based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE−ESI-MS) is described. To analyze free amino acids simultaneously a low acidic pH condition was used to confer positive charge on whole amino acids. The choice of the electrolyte and its concentration influenced resolution and peak shape of the amino acids, and 1 M formic acid was selected as the optimal electrolyte. Meanwhile, the sheath liquid composition had a significant effect on sensitivity and the highest sensitivity was obtained when 5 mM ammonium acetate in 50% (v/v) methanol−water was used. Protonated amino acids were roughly separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath flow electrospray ionization interface. Under the optimized conditions, 19 free amino acids normally found in proteins and several physiological amino acids were well determined in less than 17 min. The detection limits for basic amino acids were between 0.3 and 1.1 μmol/L and for acidic and low molecular weight amino acids were less than 6.0 μmol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 3 s (3 nL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method is simple, rapid, and selective compared with conventional techniques and could be readily applied to the analysis of free amino acids in soy sauce.

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Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Forensic Anions in Adulterated Foods and Beverages

Soga, T., Tajima, I., Heiger, D.N.

Am. Lab. 32 ( 3 ) 124 - 128 2000.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Determination of Aspartic Acid Enantiomers in Bio-samples by Capillary Electrophoresis

Tsunoda, M., Kato, M., Fukushima, T., Santa, T., Homma, H., Yani, H., Soga, T., and Imai, K.

Biomed. Chromatogr 13 ( 5 ) 335 - 339 1999.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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Enantiomeric separation and detection of D,L-aspartic acid (Asp) derivatized with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using modified cyclodextrins as chiral selectors was studied. Heptakis(2,3, 6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin(TM-beta-CD) was most effective for enantiomeric separation of NBD-D,L-Asp with optimum conditions of 30 mM TM-beta-CD in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) and the limit of detection (LOD) attained was 100 nM for each enantiomer. The method proposed in the present study was convenient for both D- and L-Asp determination since the other amino compounds migrated differently and D-Asp in bio-samples such as rat pineal gland and foods was determined with a simple sample pretreatment and a short analysis run time.

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Simultaneous determination of inorganic anions, organic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis

Soga, T., Ross, G.A.

J. Chromatogr. A 837 ( 1-2 ) 231 - 239 1999.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A capillary zone electrophoretic method for the simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions, organic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates was developed with indirect UV detection using 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid as the background electrolyte. This is the first paper to report their simultaneous analysis. Highly alkaline conditions were used in order to confer a negative charge not only on inorganic and organic anions but also on amino acids and carbohydrates, and to promote their migration towards the anode. Electroosmotic flow was reversed in the direction of the anode by adding cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide to the electrolyte. Outstanding separations were obtained and electrophoretic mobilities of 82 compounds including nine inorganic anions, 23 organic acids, 18 amino acids and 32 carbohydrates were determined by the method. Under the optimized conditions 43 compounds were well separated in a single run. The relative standard deviations (n=5) of the method were better than 0.5% for migration times and between 0.8% and 4.9% for peak areas except for a few compounds. The detection limits for anions and amino acids were in the range from 6 to 12 mg/l and for carbohydrates from 23 to 35 mg/l with 300 mbar·s pressure injection (6 nl) at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. This method could be readily applied to the simultaneous determination of inorganic anions, organic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates in soy sauce, nutrient tonic and pineapple.

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Simultaneous determination of inorganic anions, organic acids and metal cations by capillary electrophoresis

Soga, T., Ross, G.A.

J. Chromatogr. A 834 ( 1-2 ) 65 - 71 1999.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions, organic acids and metal cations was developed. 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) was used as the background electrolyte to permit indirect UV detection of anions. The PDC also worked to confer a negative charge on metal cations via PDC-complex formation. In order to detect both anions and metal–PDC complexes simultaneously, the electroosmotic flow was reversed by adding cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. In the method detection of anions was carried out with indirect UV detection, whereas metal cations were detected directly. Thirteen anions and three metal cations were completely separated at the operating buffer, pH 5.7. The R.S.D. (n=6) values of the method were better than 0.2% for migration time and between 1.1% and 3.9% for peak area. Calibration graphs were linear with correlation coefficients better than 0.9992. The minimum detectable levels ranged from 0.2 mg l−1 to 1.9 mg l−1 with 300 mbar pressure injection (6 nl) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method is simple, rapid and reproducible and could be readily applied to the simultaneous determination of anions and metal cations in a plating bath sample.

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Simultaneous Determination of Monosaccharides in Glycoproteins by Capillary Electrophoresis

Soga, T., Heiger, D.N.

Anal. Biochem. 261 ( 1 ) 73 - 78 1998.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A rapid, easy, and reproducible capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of acidic, neutral, and amino sugars and sugar alcohols was developed. Underivatized mannuronic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, glucosamine, galactosamine, mannose, xylose, glucose, galactose, fucose, ribose, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and inositol were simultaneously determined with indirect UV detection using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as a background electrolyte. A highly alkaline pH condition was used in order to charge carbohydrates negatively and to promote migration toward the anode. Electroosmotic flow was reversed to the direction of the anode by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to the electrolyte. The separation of the carbohydrates was investigated by optimizing the operating pH value and satisfactory resolution was obtained at pH 12.1. The relative standard deviations of the method for carbohydrates were between 0.02 and 0.33% for migration times and were greater than 2.7% for peak areas (n = 6). The minimum detectable level ranged from 23 to 71 microM with a 6-nl injection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method was applied to the composition analysis of monosaccharides in glycoprotein. After acid hydrolysis of fetuin under each optimum condition, sialo, neutral, and amino sugars were quantified under the same electrophoretic condition.

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Kapillarelektrophorese-eine Prädestinierte Technik für die Analyse von Kationen und Anionen in Elektrolyten für die Galvanische und Chemische Metallisierung

Jegle, U., Serwe, M., Soga, T.

Galvanotechnik 89   1478 - 1485 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Capillary electrophoretic determination of inorganic and organic anions using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid: effect of electrolyte's complexing ability

Soga, T., Ross, G.A.

J. Chromatogr. A 767 ( 1-2 ) 223 - 230 1997.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed with indirect UV detection for the analysis of inorganic and organic anions using a background electrolyte (BGE), 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC). The parameters which influence the separation of these anions, such as electrolyte pH, concentration of PDC and applied voltage, were investigated. Three inorganic anions and nine organic acids were determined simulataneously in less than 7 min. The R.S.D. (n66) values of the method were around 0.1% for migration time and better than 2.6% for peak area. This method is rapid, sensitive and quantitative and could be readily applied to analysis of inorganic and organic anions in beer. In the present paper, the effect of the complexing ability of the BGE on the analysis of organic acids is also discussed.

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Determination of Inorganic and Organic Anions in Beer and Wort by Capillary Electrophoresis

Soga, T., Wakaura, M

J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem 55 ( 2 ) 44 - 46 1997.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A rapid, easy, and reproducible method for the determination of inorganic and organic anions in beer and wort by capillary electrophoresis was developed. Three inorganic anions (chloride, sulfate, and phosphate) and nine organic acids (oxalate, formate, malate, citrate, succinate, pyruvate, acetate, lactate, and pyroglutamate) were separated and quantified in less than 7 min. Sample preparation was simple and consisted only of degassing the beer by sonication and 1:5 dilution with Milli Q water prior to injection. Satisfactory reproducibility was obtained, and the concentrations of anions were in good agreement with those found by conventional techniques.

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Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Coated Capillaries – A Solution for Many Application Areas in Capillary Electrophoresis

Jegle, U., Grimm, R., Godel, H., Schuster, R., Ross, G. A., Soga, T.

LC GC International 10 ( 3 ) 176 - 188 1997.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Analysis of halides, oxyhalides and metal oxoacids by capillary electrophoresis with suppressed electroosmotic flow

Soga, T., Inoue, Y., Ross, G.A.

J. Chromatogr. A 718 ( 2 ) 421 - 428 1995.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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A rapid and easy method for the determination of halides, oxyhalides and metal oxoacids by capillary electrophoresis was developed. This is the first paper to report their simultaneous analysis. Electroosmotic flow was suppressed more than 40-fold by using a poly(ethyleneglycol)-coated capillary, compared with that in a bare fused-silica capillary under similar conditions. Using this capillary, the separation of eleven anions was accomplished. Anion migration was dependent only on their mobility and detection was carried out directly with a diode-array detector. The R.S.D.s were better than 0.6% for migration time and between 1.0% and 3.4% for peak area. Calibration graphs for all the anions were linear, with correlation coefficients better than 0.9995. Using stacking sample preconcentration, the achievable lower detection limits were found to be in the range 14–260 μg 1−1. This represents a 33–43-fold increase in sensitivity over the results obtained by using 200 mbar·s pressure injection.

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Determination of catecholamines in urine and plasma by on-line sample pretreatment using an internal surface boronic acid gel

Soga, T., Inoue, Y.

J. Chromatogr. Biomed.  620 ( 2 ) 175 - 181 1993.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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An automated method of analysis of catecholamines using a new packing material, internal surface boronic acid gel, was developed. The new support is designed with a carboxymethylcellulose-bonded external surface in order to be non-adsorptive to proteins and with a phenylboronic acid-bonded internal surface to retain only catecholamines. This packing support displayed an affinity for basic or neutral catecholic compounds with no protein adsorption and enabled on-line sample pretreatment of catecholamines in urine and deproteinized plasma. The catecholamines were selectively adsorbed on the new material and separated on a reversed-phase or a cation-exchange column. These compounds were then detected electrochemically. The limits of quantitation were 1.5–3.0 ng/ml in urine and 10–15 pg/ml in plasma, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.

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Determination of carbohydrates by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection using postcolumn pH adjustment

Soga, T., Inoue, Y., Yamaguchi, K.

J. Chromatogr.  625 ( 2 ) 151 - 155 1992.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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An HPLC method for the determination of carbohydrates using a postcolumn pH adjustment technique with lithium hydroxide solution followed by pulsed amperometric detection was developed. In conjunction with hydrophilic interaction chromatography, the technique was used to determine reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and sugar alcohols. Detection limits from 0.7 to 2.7 ng with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were achieved. The relative standard deviation for peak was better than 2.7%. The postcolumn pH adjustment technique enabled gradient elution to be used.

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Comprehensive Measurement and Comparison of Ionic Small Molecules Contained in Citrus Unshiu Marc. Using Metabolomic Analysis

Hara, Y., Sugawara, A., Yamada, KC, Endo, K., Ashitani, S., Igarashi, K., Soga, T., Shinjo, A., Kuroda, H.

JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)  67 ( 12 ) 499 - 513 2020.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Trigonelline Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production and Downregulates Inflammation Associated Gene Expressions

Aizawa, Y., Suzuki, T., Saito, A., Satoh, K., Ogura, T., Wakayama, M., Soga, T., Tsuji, Y., Honmma, K., Inoue, H.

Food preserv. Sci.  46 ( 6 ) 275 - 280 2020.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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Trigonelline, an N-methylnicotinic acid, is found in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and coffee beans. Trigonelline has been reported to prevent cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s diseases.However, the potential pharmacological application of trigonelline in in fl ammatory responses is poorly understood, particularly in macrophages. In the present study, we investigated the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of trigonelline on 100 ng /mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. 50 uM Trigonelline elicited a marked reduction in LPS - mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) compared with LPS - treated cells. Subsequently, the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2),and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL) -6, and IL-1beta in LPS-treated cells were significantly decreased by trigonelline co-treatment. Furthermore, we found that treatment of cells with LPS elevated the gene expression of reactive oxidative species (ROS)-associated molecules, such as p47phox and p67phox, whereas trigonelline treatment significantly decreased them. Our data suggested that trigonelline inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in the potential application of this compound in the prevention of inflammatory diseases.