論文 - 長谷川　奉延

DHX37 Variant Is One of the Common Genetic Causes in Japanese Patients with Testicular Regression Syndrome/Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis without Müllerian Derivatives

Shimura K., Ichihashi Y., Nakano S., Sato T., Hamajima T., Numasawa K., Narumi S., Hasegawa T., Ishii T.

Hormone Research in Paediatrics 98 （ 2 ） 206 - 213 2025年04月

ISSN  16632818

　概要を見る

Introduction: The testicular regression syndrome (TRS) is a form of differences of sex development (DSD) in which the testes differentiate and function during early embryonic development, but subsequently regress. The clinical phenotype of TRS often overlaps with that of partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD). Previous studies have demonstrated a causal association between TRS/ PGD and heterozygous missense variants of DHX37. Methods: We enrolled 11 Japanese 46,XY individuals (from 10 families) with TRS/PGD who exhibited undetected or hypoplastic testes, Müllerian duct regression, and low serum testosterone or anti- Müllerian hormone levels. The subjects underwent targeted sequencing of 36 known causative genes for DSD, PCR-based Sanger sequencing of DHX37, or whole-exome sequencing. Results: Previously described pathogenic variants or novel nonsense variants (SRY, NR5A1, and DMRT1) were observed in four out of 10 families. Additionally, we identified two heterozygous rare variants of DHX37 in four families: a previously reported pathogenic variant (c.923G>A, p.Arg308Gln) in three and a novel likely pathogenic variant (c.1882A>C, p.Thr628Pro) in one. The external genitalia of patients with the DHX37 variants varied from female-type to male-type without micropenis. Eighty percent of Japanese patients with TRS/PGD had monogenic disorders including DHX37 variant being the most commonly identified (40%). The external or internal genital phenotype of TRS/PGD overlaps between DHX37 variant carriers and others. Conclusions: DHX37 variant is one of the common genetic causes in Japanese patients with TRS/PGD without Müllerian derivatives. Genetic test is helpful in detecting DHX37- related TRS/PGD because of the phenotypic diversity of the external genitalia in this disorder.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Reference Values of Arm Span and Arm Span to Height Ratio of Japanese Population in Childhood and Adolescence: Comparison With Dutch and Turkish Population

Hirano Y., Inokuchi M., Narumi S., Hasegawa T.

American Journal of Human Biology 37 （ 4 ）  2025年04月

ISSN  10420533

　概要を見る

Objectives: To establish age-specific reference values for the arm span and arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population in children and adolescence and elucidate their characteristics compared with those of other populations. Study Design: We analyzed data from a national survey on the body sizes of Japanese people conducted between 1992 and 1994 by the Research Institute of Human Engineering for Quality Life. This study was an observational cross-sectional study, including 6089 boys and 4970 girls aged between 5.5 and 18.5 years. We constructed the reference values and delineated the reference curves for the arm span and arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population in childhood and adolescence using the LMS method. The references were compared with those of the Dutch and Turkish populations using the reference curve of 0 standard deviation. Results: The arm span of the Japanese population increased throughout childhood, with a particularly large increase at the age of puberty. The arm span/height ratio also increased slowly throughout childhood. The Japanese population had a smaller arm span/height ratio than the Dutch and Turkish populations of all ages in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, the arm span/height ratio of the Japanese population reached a constant value at an earlier age than in the Dutch and Turkish populations. Conclusions: We constructed the first reference values for the arm span of Japanese children and adolescents. The Japanese population has shorter arm lengths in relation to their height, and their arm span/height ratio reaches a constant value at an earlier age, compared with the Dutch and Turkish populations.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Sex education to an adolescent male with Down syndrome in a single-mother family in Japan

Saito A., Sato T., Shima H., Yamagishi H., Narumi S., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Pediatrics International 67 （ 1 ）  2025年01月

ISSN  13288067

• Access to Document (DOI)

Recovery from Atrophic Autoimmune Thyroiditis in a Child: Thyroid Stimulation-Blocking Antibody as a Prognostic Marker

Kusano C., Hori N., Hasegawa T., Narumi S.

Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2025年

ISSN  16632818

　概要を見る

Introduction: Atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis (AAT) is a form of autoimmune hypothyroidism characterized by the absence of a goiter. Thyroid stimulation-blocking antibody (TSBAb) has been detected in a subset of pediatric AAT cases. Although the disappearance of TSBAb has been related with the recovery of thyroid function in adult AAT cases, similar outcomes have not been documented in pediatric cases. Case Presentation: A 2-year-old Japanese boy presented for evaluation of stunted growth from1 year 10 months of age. Tests for congenital hypothyroidism were negative on newborn screening, and he had no significant medical history. However, he showed symptoms of hypothyroidism (inactiveness, hair loss, dry skin), and primary hypothyroidism was confirmed by blood test (serum TSH level, 818 mU/L; serum free T4 level, <0.40 ng/ dL). The patient exhibited a unique antibody profile: positive for TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) and TSBAb and negative for anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and antiperoxidase antibody (TPOAb). He was treated with levothyroxine, after which his growth was normalized. During the 8-year follow-up, the patient's TSBAb levels decreased, allowing for the discontinuation of levothyroxine therapy. Conclusion: We reported the case of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with AAT who presented with a characteristic antibody profile, negative for TgAb and TPOAb, but positive for TRAb and TSBAb. During 8 years of follow-up, TSBAb seroconversion to negative was observed, leading to treatment discontinuation at age 10 years. This case suggests that monitoring of TSBAb after a diagnosis of AAT may be used to determine treatment discontinuation even in children.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Familial Non-Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism Caused by an Extracellular Domain Variant (p.Leu267Phe) of the TSH Receptor

Shimura K., Ichihashi Y., Abe K., Ishii T., Hasegawa T., Narumi S.

Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2025年

ISSN  16632818

　概要を見る

Introduction: Non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism (NAH) is a rare genetic disorder caused by germline-activating variants in the TSH receptor (TSHR) gene. While most NAH-related TSHR variants are located in the seven-transmembrane domain (7TMD), three variants (p.Leu267Phe, p.Ser281Asn, and p.Asn406Ser) have been identified in the extracellular domain (ECD), with p.Leu267Phe previously not showing constitutively active in vitro. Methods: We searched for TSHR variants in a Japanese family with NAH using PCR-based direct sequencing. We created three ECD variants (p.Leu267Phe, p.Ser281Asn, and p.Asn406Ser) and a series of variants in which Leu267 was mutated to 18 amino acids other than Leu and Phe. Based on the cryo-electron microscopic structures, we evaluated the structure-function relationship of TSHR. We compared their cAMP-producing capacities to WT-TSHR in the luciferase activity assay using HEK293 cells. Western blot and fluorescence immunostaining were performed using HA-tagged TSHR vectors to compare Leu267Phe-TSHR with WT-TSHR. Results: A heterozygous TSHR variant (p.Leu267Phe) was identified. Comparison of the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the activated and inactivated TSHRs revealed a significant change in the ECD structure around Leu267. The ligand-independent cAMP-producing capacities compared to WT-TSHR were 238 ± 20% (mean ± SEM) for Leu267Phe. Of all 19 possible variants created through systematic mutagenesis, only Leu267Phe-TSHR and Leu267Tyr-TSHR exhibited significantly higher ligand-independent cAMP-producing capacities. Immunoblotting and fluorescence immunostaining showed that the Leu267Phe variant did not affect protein expression levels and intracellular localization of TSHR. Discussion/Conclusion: Leu267Phe-TSHR causes NAH. Substituting Leu267 to aromatic amino acids may shift the equilibrium of the TSHR state toward activation.

• Access to Document (DOI)

A Case of Penttinen Syndrome With Radiographic Acroosteolysis From Age 3 Years

Shimura K., Toki M., Tsujioka Y., Nishimura G., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A 2025年

ISSN  15524825

　概要を見る

Premature aging syndrome, Penttinen type (Penttinen syndrome) is a progeroid syndrome with facial alterations (thin hair and progressive recession of the maxillozygomatic bones with pseudoprognathism), skin abnormalities (scleroderma with epidermal and dermal atrophy, lipoatrophy, chronic ulcers, and keloid-like hypertrophic lesions), corneal changes (vascularization and opacity), cerebral vascular anomalies, and acroosteolysis. This syndrome is caused by heterozygous, gain-of-function pathogenic variants in the PDGFRB gene. Only 10 affected individuals have been reported to date, and thus the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder, particularly in early childhood, remains elusive. We reported here the clinical course of an affected male from early childhood to young adulthood. Thin limbs and short fingers attracted medical attention at age 3 years, at which time he had already developed maxillary hypoplasia, keloids, and acroosteolysis, all of which progressively worsened with age. Joint contractures and scoliosis became apparent during adolescence. Progressive maxillary recession and scleroderma remarkably altered his facial gestalt over time, including the development of exophthalmos, small auricles, short philtrum, and small mouth. Sanger sequencing identified a recurrent, de novo pathogenic variant in the PDGFRB gene (c.1994T > C, p.Val665Ala). This report on the clinical course through childhood provides additional insight into the natural history of Penttinen syndrome.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Establishment of Star-edited Y1 cells as a novel in vitro functional assay for STAR

Sato T., Narumi S., Sakuma T., Shimura K., Ichihashi Y., Yamamoto T., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 73 （ 4 ）  2024年11月

ISSN  09525041

　概要を見る

Genetic variants involving steroidogenic acute regulatory protein cause lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is characterized by impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal glands and gonads. Functional assessment of variant STAR proteins is necessary for an accurate genetic diagnosis. Ideally, steroidogenic cells should be used to assess the functionality of STAR proteins, but the presence of endogenous STARs in steroidogenic cells precludes such a method. Here, we generated Star-edited cells from steroidogenic Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells by genome editing. Star-edited Y1 cells exhibited very low but measurable cAMP-dependent pregnenolone production. Furthermore, stimulation of the cAMP pathway for 2 weeks resulted in the formation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of Star-edited Y1 cells, which resembled the histology of the adrenal glands of patients with lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The steroidogenic defect of Star-edited Y1 cells can be restored by transient overexpression of mouse Star. We found that human STAR can also restore defective steroidogenesis in Star-edited Y1 cells, and we were able to construct a novel in vitro system to evaluate human STAR variants. Collectively, we established Star-edited Y1 cells that retain the steroidogenic pathway downstream of the Star protein. Star-edited Y1 cells recapitulate the functional and morphological changes of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia and can be used to evaluate the functionality of human STAR variants.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Znrf3 exon 2 deletion mice do not recapitulate congenital adrenal hypoplasia

Uchida N., Ishii T., Amano N., Takada S., Kobayashi K., Murakami T., Narumi S., Hasegawa T.

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 73 （ 4 ）  2024年11月

ISSN  09525041

　概要を見る

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for adrenocortical development. Zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that attenuates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, is negatively regulated by R-spondin via an extracellular domain that is partially encoded by exon 2 of ZNRF3. We recently identified ZNRF3 exon 2 deletions in three individuals with congenital adrenal hypoplasia. ZNRF3 exon 2 deletion impairs R-spondin binding, thereby attenuating β-catenin expression and eventually leading to the development of congenital adrenal hypoplasia. To elucidate the influence of ZNRF3/Znrf3 exon 2 deletion on adrenocortical development, we generated homozygous Znrf3 exon 2 deletion (Znrf3Δ2/Δ2) mice. Whereas the adrenal glands of Znrf3Δ2/Δ2 mice did not show gross morphological changes at birth, moderate hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata (ZF), dispersed medulla arrangement, and a radially spreading zone with macrophage infiltration between the ZF and medulla were observed at 6 weeks of age. 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a marker of the adrenal X-zone, was hardly detected by immunostaining, and gene expression was significantly downregulated. The number of activated β-catenin-positive cells decreased in the zona glomerulosa, consistent with the results of in situ hybridization for Axin2, a Wnt/β-catenin target gene. Plasma ACTH and serum corticosterone levels in Znrf3Δ2/Δ2 mice did not differ significantly from those in wild-type mice. These results show a species-specific difference in the effects of ZNRF3/Znrf3 exon 2 deletions in humans and mice; Znrf3Δ2/Δ2 mice do not develop congenital adrenal hypoplasia but instead exhibit moderate ZF hyperplasia, dispersed medulla arrangement, X-zone dysplasia, and macrophage infiltration occurred in the inner cortex.

• Access to Document (DOI)

A Pitfall of Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita

Abe J., Tsubaki J., Shimura K., Hasegawa T.

Clinical Pediatrics 63 （ 9 ） 1318 - 1320 2024年10月

ISSN  00099228

• Access to Document (DOI)

Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in 30 Japanese Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism Attributable to TG Defects

Tanase-Nakao K., Iwahashi-Odano M., Sugisawa C., Abe K., Muroya K., Yamamoto Y., Kawada Y., Mushimoto Y., Ohkubo K., Kinjo S., Shimura K., Aoyama K., Mizuno H., Hotsubo T., Takahashi C., Isojima T., Kina Y., Takakuwa S., Hamada J., Sawaki M., Shigehara K., Sugimoto S., Etani Y., Narumi-Wakayama H., Mine Y., Hasegawa T., Hishinuma A., Narumi S.

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 109 （ 9 ） 2358 - 2365 2024年09月

ISSN  0021972X

　概要を見る

Context: Thyroglobulin (Tg), encoded by TG, is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. TG defects result in congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Most reported patients were born before the introduction of newborn screening (NBS). Objective: We aimed to clarify the phenotypic features of patients with TG defects diagnosed and treated since the neonatal period. Methods: We screened 1061 patients with CH for 13 CH-related genes and identified 30 patients with TG defects. One patient was diagnosed due to hypothyroidism-related symptoms and the rest were diagnosed via NBS. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their genotypes, and clinical characteristics were compared. We evaluated the functionality of the 7 missense variants using HEK293 cells. Results: Twenty-seven rare TG variants were detected, including 15 nonsense, 3 frameshift, 2 splice-site, and 7 missense variants. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 13 patients with biallelic truncating variants and 17 patients with monoallelic/biallelic missense variants. Patients with missense variants were more likely to develop thyroid enlargement with thyrotropin stimulation than patients with biallelic truncating variants. Patients with biallelic truncating variants invariably required full hormone replacement, whereas patients with missense variants required variable doses of levothyroxine. Loss of function of the 7 missense variants was confirmed in vitro. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest investigation on the clinical presentation of TG defects diagnosed in the neonatal period. Patients with missense variants showed relatively mild hypothyroidism with compensative goiter. Patients with only truncating variants showed minimal or no compensative goiter and required full hormone replacement.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Incidence and Risk Factors for Adrenal Crisis in Pediatric-onset Adrenal Insufficiency: A Prospective Study

Hosokawa M., Ichihashi Y., Sato Y., Shibata N., Nagasaki K., Ikegawa K., Hasegawa Y., Hamajima T., Nagamatsu F., Suzuki S., Numakura C., Amano N., Sasaki G., Nagahara K., Soneda S., Ariyasu D., Maeda M., Kamasaki H., Aso K., Hasegawa T., Ishii T.

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 109 （ 8 ） e1602 - e1607 2024年08月

ISSN  0021972X

　概要を見る

Context: Adrenal crisis (AC) is a life-threatening complication that occurs during follow-up of patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI). No prospective study has thoroughly investigated AC in children with primary and secondary AI. Objective: This work aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for AC in patients with pediatric-onset AI. Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study conducted in Japan enrolled patients diagnosed with AI at age ≤15 years. The incidence of AC was calculated as events per person-year (PY), and risk factors for AC were assessed using Poisson regression multivariable analysis. Results: The study population comprised 349 patients (164 male, 185 female) with a total follow-up of 961 PY. The median age at enrollment was 14.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 8.5-21.2 years), and the median follow-up was 2.8 years (IQR 2.2-3.3 years). Of these patients, 213 (61%) had primary AI and 136 (39%) had secondary AI. Forty-one AC events occurred in 31 patients during the study period. The calculated incidence of AC was 4.27 per 100 PY (95% CI, 3.15-5.75). Poisson regression analysis identified younger age at enrollment (relative risk [RR] 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.97) and increased number of infections (RR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.27) as significant risk factors. Female sex (RR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.53-1.86), primary AI (RR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.30-1.41), or equivalent dosage of hydrocortisone per square meter of body area (RR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.08) was not a significant risk factor. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with pediatric-onset AI experience AC. Younger age and an increased number of infections are independent risk factors for developing AC in these patients.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Functional variants in a TTTG microsatellite on 15q26.1 cause familial nonautoimmune thyroid abnormalities

Narumi S., Nagasaki K., Kiriya M., Uehara E., Akiba K., Tanase-Nakao K., Shimura K., Abe K., Sugisawa C., Ishii T., Miyako K., Hasegawa Y., Maruo Y., Muroya K., Watanabe N., Nishihara E., Ito Y., Kogai T., Kameyama K., Nakabayashi K., Hata K., Fukami M., Shima H., Kikuchi A., Takayama J., Tamiya G., Hasegawa T.

Nature Genetics 56 （ 5 ） 869 - 876 2024年05月

ISSN  10614036

　概要を見る

Insufficient thyroid hormone production in newborns is referred to as congenital hypothyroidism. Multinodular goiter (MNG), characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules, is usually seen in adults and is recognized as a separate disorder from congenital hypothyroidism. Here we performed a linkage analysis of a family with both nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism and MNG and identified a signal at 15q26.1. Follow-up analyses with whole-genome sequencing and genetic screening in congenital hypothyroidism and MNG cohorts showed that changes in a noncoding TTTG microsatellite on 15q26.1 were frequently observed in congenital hypothyroidism (137 in 989) and MNG (3 in 33) compared with controls (3 in 38,722). Characterization of the noncoding variants with epigenomic data and in vitro experiments suggested that the microsatellite is located in a thyroid-specific transcriptional repressor, and its activity is disrupted by the variants. Collectively, we presented genetic evidence linking nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism and MNG, providing unique insights into thyroid abnormalities.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Development of sexual dimorphism of skeletal muscles through the adrenal cortex, caused by androgen-induced global gene suppression

Takahashi F., Baba T., Christianto A., Yanai S., Lee-Okada H.C., Ishiwata K., Nakabayashi K., Hata K., Ishii T., Hasegawa T., Yokomizo T., Choi M.H., Morohashi K.i.

Cell Reports 43 （ 2 ）  2024年02月

　概要を見る

The zona fasciculata (zF) in the adrenal cortex contributes to multiple physiological actions through glucocorticoid synthesis. The size, proliferation, and glucocorticoid synthesis characteristics are all female biased, and sexual dimorphism is established by androgen. In this study, transcriptomes were obtained to unveil the sex differentiation mechanism. Interestingly, both the amount of mRNA and the expressions of nearly all genes were higher in females. The expression of Nr5a1, which is essential for steroidogenic cell differentiation, was also female biased. Whole-genome studies demonstrated that NR5A1 regulates nearly all gene expression directly or indirectly. This suggests that androgen-induced global gene suppression is potentially mediated by NR5A1. Using Nr5a1 heterozygous mice, whose adrenal cortex is smaller than the wild type, we demonstrated that the size of skeletal muscles is possibly regulated by glucocorticoid synthesized by zF. Taken together, considering the ubiquitous presence of glucocorticoid receptors, our findings provide a pathway for sex differentiation through glucocorticoid synthesis.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Usefulness of a mobile airwayscope with a monitor in examination of the external genitalia of a 483 g female neonate

Hiraizumi T., Sato T., Kobayashi H., Arimitsu T., Narumi S., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Pediatrics International 66 （ 1 ）  2024年01月

ISSN  13288067

• Access to Document (DOI)

Potential indication of chemotherapy for hypodipsia and arginine vasopressin deficiency secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report and literature review

Ota M., Sato T., Nakano S., Yamazaki F., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 33 （ 3 ） 157 - 162 2024年

ISSN  09185739

　概要を見る

Hypothalamic-pituitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (HP-LCH) is often associated with arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVD). Patients with AVD caused by HP-LCH rarely develop an impaired osmotic threshold for thirst (OTT). Improvement in OTT among such patients has not been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, here we report the first case of AVD due to HP-LCH in which hypodipsia resolved during chemotherapy. A nine-year-old Japanese girl presented with polydipsia, polyuria, anorexia, and hypernatremia (149.8 mEq/L) and was diagnosed with AVD secondary to HP-LCH. Visual analog scale examination showed a reduced OTT following the water deprivation test. During chemotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), serum sodium concentrations became stable between 138.9 and 142.9 mEq/L under the replacement of desmopressin. Repeated visual analog scale examinations showed that she experienced a sense of thirst at a serum sodium concentration of 142.3–144.6 mEq/L, at which she did not experience any thirst prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. These data suggest that chemotherapy directly improved the OTT in our patient. Improved mechanical compression or infiltration of the hypothalamus related to OTT may lead to the recovery of the sense of thirst. This report highlights the potential role of chemotherapy for solitary HP-LCH in patients with hypodipsia and AVD.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Pitfalls in estradiol measurement by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay: A case study of a prepubertal girl with a falsely elevated serum estradiol level

Furusawa K., Hachiya R., Shibata H., Uchida N., Sasaki G., Fukushima H., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 33 （ 1 ） 35 - 38 2024年

ISSN  09185739

• Access to Document (DOI)

Adrenal crisis during a trip in a young child with septo-optic dysplasia

Takahashi M., Sato T., Nakano S., Hamada J., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 33 （ 2 ） 101 - 103 2024年

ISSN  09185739

• Access to Document (DOI)

Underweight in young Japanese women over time: a longitudinal retrospective study of the change in body mass index from ages 6 to 20 years

Nagashima Y., Inokuchi M., Sato Y., Hasegawa T.

Annals of Human Biology 51 （ 1 ）  2024年

ISSN  03014460

　概要を見る

Background: The high prevalence of underweight in young women has become a serious health problem in Japan. When and how young women reach a low body mass index (BMI) has not been clarified. Aim: To clarify the characteristics of BMI standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) trajectory of young Japanese women with underweight. Subjects and methods: A total of 601 Japanese female university students aged 20 years were classified into underweight and healthy weight groups. Their school health check-up data were available from the ages of 6 to 20 years. We evaluated the estimated mean values of BMI SDS at each age and differences in BMI SDS (ΔBMI SDS) from 6 years to each age using a mixed-effects model and compared between the two groups at each age. Results: In the underweight group, the BMI SDS at every age (−1.67 to −0.91) and the ΔBMI SDS after 16 years of age (−0.76 to −0.38) were significantly lower than those in the healthy weight group (−0.41 to −0.13, −0.07 to 0.04), respectively. Conclusion: Young Japanese women with underweight have at least two characteristics of BMI SDS trajectory: being constitutionally underweight and shifting their weight status from baseline towards underweight in their late teens.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Siblings of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with UGT1A1 double missense variants

Kubota Y., Sato T., Matsuyama M., Maruo Y., Narumi S., Ishii T., Hasegawa T.

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 33 （ 3 ） 195 - 198 2024年

ISSN  09185739

• Access to Document (DOI)

Characteristic external genitalia in male neonates with 5α-reductase deficiency

Munenaga T., Ichihashi Y., Nakano S., Shibata H., Sato T., Asanuma H., Homma K., Hasegawa T., Ishii T.

Endocrine Journal 71 （ 10 ） 973 - 978 2024年

ISSN  09188959

　概要を見る

There have been no reports comparing neonatal external genitalia of 5α-reductase deficiency (5αRD) with those of other 46,XY differences of sex differentiation (DSD). This study enrolled 31 Japanese cases of 46,XY DSD whose external genitalia was examined during the neonatal period; four were diagnosed as 5αRD and 15 were defined as non-5αRD by genetic analysis of SRD5A2 or urinary steroid metabolites. We compared the following characteristics between 5αRD and non-5αRD groups, adjusting the severity of undermasculinization of the external genitalia: stretched penile length (SPL), glans width, location of the external urethral opening, and proportion of undescended testis. The external genitalia of all the 5αRD cases were Quigley classification grade 2 or 3. We compared the phenotypes between the four 5αRD cases and 11 non-5αRD cases with grade 2 or 3. The median (range) of SPL in the 5αRD group (14 mm [11-16]) was significantly lower than that in the non-5αRD group (22 mm [15-29]) (p = 0.003). An SPL cut-off value of <15 mm yielded a sensitivity of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 7–93%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 72–100%) for discriminating between the groups. The median glans width, location of the external urethral opening, and proportion of undescended testis were not significantly different between the groups. The SPL of 5αRD in Quigley classification grade 2 or 3 was significantly shorter than that of other 46,XY DSDs with the equivalent grade.

• Access to Document (DOI)