Papers - Ichinose, Tomohiro

Genetic analysis of Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa, Japan

Ooi Kazuyuki, Kishi Shigemi, Ichinose Tomohiro

Natural History Report of Kanagawa (Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Kanagawa Prefectural Museum))  2021 ( 42 ) 33 - 38 2021

Joint Work,  ISSN  0388-9009

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東日本大震災からの復興に生態系減災は実装できたのか

一ノ瀬 友博

農村計画学会誌 39(4)   362 - 365 2021

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE RATE OF URBAN NORTHERN GOSHAWKS

Haruki Natsukawa, Kaname Mori, Shizuko Komuro, Takashi Shiokawa, Jun Umetsu, Tomohiro Ichinose

JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH (RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC)  53 ( 4 ) 377 - 386 2019.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work,  ISSN  08921016

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Urbanization has increased with human population growth and the responses from raptor species are gaining more attention from both researchers and the public. Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) now breed in urban areas in Japan and Europe; however, there are few studies examining the factors that influence their reproductive rate in urban areas. We investigated the reproductive rate (number of fledglings per nest) of the Northern Goshawk population in an urbanized area of Japan from 2014 to 2016, and used a binomial mixture model to examine the relationship between the number of fledglings per nest and environmental factors such as nesting and foraging environments, anthropogenic disturbance, predation risk, and intraspecific competition. The goshawk nesting success rate from 2014 to 2016 was 71.6%, with an average reproductive rate of 1.7 fledglings per occupied nest. The percentage of canopy cover of nesting stands had a significant positive effect on fledgling numbers, and the number of adjacent occupied nests had a significant negative effect on fledgling numbers. The positive effects of canopy coverage may be explained by the protection offered by canopy against direct sunlight, wind, and rain. The negative effect of the adjacent occupied nests may result from an increase in the amount of time and energy goshawks spent in territory defense, and a decrease in available foraging habitat due to intraspecific competition.

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Predicting the distribution of released Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) in central Japan

Yumi Yamada, Satoru Itagawa, Takehito Yoshida, Mariko Fukushima, Jun Ishii, Masao Nishigaki, Tomohiro Ichinose

ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH (WILEY)  34 ( 2 ) 277 - 285 2019.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work,  ISSN  09123814

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The Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) is one of the species threatened by mainly anthropogenic factor and their habitats are considered to be conserved. The first reintroduction of the species in Japan occurred in 2005. But as the species' natural wetland habitats are declining, the birds now prefer to forage in rice paddies. Thus, restoring the paddy-dominated landscape is key for further success in the reintroduction program. In addition, a quantitative method is urgently needed to assess how much suitable habitat is available and where it is located. In this study, we identified environmental factors that affect the distribution of the Oriental White Stork and produced the first predictive spatial distribution map using 2-year satellite tracking data of reintroduced individuals. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach was used to model the species' distribution at the landscape scale (1 kmx1 km grid cells). We identified six relevant environmental variables. Our results highlight the proportion of area of rice paddies as alternative wetland habitat as the most influential variable affecting the distribution positively. Landscape diversity represented by a complex mosaic of paddies and forest is also important for the species, as total length of paddy-forest edge also had a positive effect on habitat suitability. Our predictive distribution map cannot entirely provide distribution; however, it may be valuable information when considering where should be conserved as habitat to maintain the Oriental White Stork population in Japan.

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A Century of Land-use Changes and Economic Damage in Kesennuma City Caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami

ICHINOSE Tomohiro, ITAGAWA Satoru, YAMADA Yumi

Journal of Environmental Information Science (一般社団法人 環境情報科学センター)  2019 ( 1 ) 53 - 59 2019

Joint Work,  ISSN  0389-6633

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<p>A magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off northeastern Japan on 11 March 2011. The subsequent tsunami wrought destruction on a massive scale. Kesennuma City was one of the most heavily damaged regions in Miyagi Prefecture, where more than 1000 people were killed by the tsunami and resulting fire; 215 people are still missing. Here we analyzed historical landuse changes in the tsunami-affected area of Kesennuma city center, Miyagi Prefecture, using topographic maps from 1913 and 1952 and vegetation maps from 1979 and 2011. The area consisted of 7.3% urban land use, 10.5% dry field, 55.5% rice paddy field, 4.7% wetland, 0.3% grassland, 5.3% forest, and 16.3% water body in 1913 and 76.1% urban land use, 1.7% dry field, 17.9% rice paddy field, 0.9% wetland, 1.6% forest, and 1.6% water body in 2011. During the period, the area of urban land use increased more than 10-fold, while that of rice paddy field sharply decreased from 55.5% to 17.9%. The 77 Bank estimated that the total economic damage in Kesennuma City was 232.4 billion yen, representing annual production value of all companies located in the damaged area. Our calculations for urban land use, dry field, and rice paddy field showed losses of 112.7 billion yen and 69 million yen due to the tsunami in the areas of urban and agricultural land use, respectively.</p>

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海岸観光地における津波被害に対する自治体施策 －神奈川県相模湾沿岸地域の6市町を対象として－

田中伸彦, 海津ゆりえ, 押田佳子, 川合康央, 一ノ瀬友博, 九里徳泰, 伊藤渚生

日本都市計画学会都市計画報告集 17   348 - 354 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

Prey items delivered to young Northern Goshawks Accipiter gentilis by a single pair breeding in central Tokyo, Japan

Haruka Mizumura, Teruaki Ikeda, Toshio Kawasaki, Fumio Shiratori, Hidehiko Seto, Yoshiomi Kunishima, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Tomohiro Ichinose, Hiroyoshi Higuchi

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN, UNIV TOKYO, SCH AGR)  17 ( 2 ) 229 - 235 2018.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work,  ISSN  13470558

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We examined the diet of young Northern Goshawks Accipiter gentilis before and after fledging through the direct observation of prey items delivered by a single pair breeding in central Tokyo. Observations were conducted from 13 May to 14 August 2015. Three hundred prey items primarily belonging to five bird species and two genera of mammals were recorded both before and after fledging. The species contributing most to the total diet were White-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus and Feral Pigeon Columba livia, with pigeons contributing most to total biomass followed by White-cheeked Starling. Prey item composition differed between the periods before and after fledging. After fledging, the contribution of White-cheeked Starling to the diet decreased, whereas that of pigeon increased.

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Underuse of social-ecological systems: A research agenda for addressing challenges to biocultural diversity

V. Mauerhofer, T. Ichinose, B. D. Blackwell, M. R. Willig, C. G. Flint, M. S. Krause, M. Penker

Land Use Policy (Elsevier Ltd)  72   57 - 64 2018.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work,  ISSN  02648377

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Conservation is often operationalized as a minimization of human intervention in nature. However, many social-ecological systems depend on human interventions to maintain characteristics of biological diversity. Therefore, reduced use or full abandonment of such systems can diminish rather than enhance biological diversity and its related cultural diversity (biocultural diversity). We link the definition of “underuse” with the extinction rate used in the planetary boundaries framework to support a more objective use of the term. We execute a structured cross-continental review of underuse in social-ecological systems of regions that contain more affluent countries to frame a global research agenda on underuse. Our working approach delineates causes, consequences, and strategies concerning underuse. Based on this comparative review, we identify causes of underuse that are similar in different continents, including globalization, and demographic or structural change in Europe, Japan and Oceania. Conservation paradigms emphasizing wilderness ideals in policies are characteristic of underuse in North America, whereas post-socialist transformation processes characterize underuse in Eastern Europe. Land abandonment and de-intensification of use are a common result, particularly in marginal and protected areas. Consequences of the loss of biocultural diversity include the loss of ecosystem services, traditional knowledge, or landscape amenities. We identified a pervasive gap in transcontinental comparative research that stymies the development of effective strategies to reduce underuse of biological diversity and thereby maintain related cultural diversity. We advocate for a global research agenda on governance approaches that address the challenges of underuse. Within this agenda, we emphasize the need for an international cross-case synthesis and a trans-continental mapping of state and civil society-based interventions and co-management approaches to re-establish humans as parts of ecological systems. Such comparative work on best practice cases in a real-world context should enhance adaptive management of biocultural diversity and prevent extinction caused by underuse. Thus, this innovative connection between underuse and the planetary boundary extinction rate, along with our new global research agenda on underuse, should initiate much needed support for policy makers and natural resource managers who must decide on appropriate types and levels of human intervention to implement, both inside and outside of protected areas.

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FACTORS AFFECTING BREEDING-SITE SELECTION OF NORTHERN GOSHAWKS AT TWO SPATIAL SCALES IN URBANIZED AREAS

Haruki Natsukawa, Tomohiro Ichinose, Hiroyoshi Higuchi

JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH (RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC)  51 ( 4 ) 417 - 427 2017.12

ISSN  0892-1016

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We determined breeding-site selection of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) by comparing 33 breeding sites to 40 nonbreeding sites at the small (nest tree and vegetation structure within an 11.3-m radius of the nest) and the large scale (biomass of prey species and landscape structure within a 500-m radius from the nest) in the urbanized area of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Goshawks selected primarily Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) trees over 50-cm diameter at breast height (DBH) as nest trees. Trees smaller than 35-cm DBH were avoided. We used univariate logistic regression to assess vegetation structure of the nesting area. At the small scale, canopy trees in the nest plots were larger and taller, with more canopy cover, than those in non-nesting plots, and nests were farther from human habitations. In addition, nest plots had fewer understory trees than non-nest plots. In multivariate logistic regression, the DBH of canopy trees, number of understory trees, and distance to human habitation were highest in importance. At the large scale, nest plots had a greater percentage of forest area, smaller percentage of built area, more forest edge facing open land, and more forest edge facing PCDRS (parks, cemeteries, developed land, recreational fields, and small-scale vegetated areas <0.01 km(2) in a matrix of >= 30% residential areas). In the multivariate model, the length of forest edge facing open land and the percentage of built area were of highest importance.

小学校におけるチョウ類・トンボ類を題材とした環境教育プログラムの実施が子供達の昆虫形態理解に及ぼす影響--川崎市立川崎小学校における環境教育プログラム実施を事例として

京本克樹, 板川暢, 一ノ瀬 友博, 吉新一之

都市計画報告集 (日本都市計画学会)  15   345 - 350 2017.02

Research paper (scientific journal)

An Annual Variations Survey on the Distribution of Egg Clutches of Tohoku Salamander (Hynobius lichenatus) in the Tsunami Inundated Lowland Area of Moune, Kesennuma, Miyagi

ITAGAWA Satoru, HIGUCHI Yohei, ICHINOSE Tomohiro, YOKOYAMA Katsuhide

Landscape Research Japan Online (Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture)  10 ( 0 ) 37 - 46 2017.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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<p>This survey monitored the quantity and distribution of egg clutches of Tohoku salamander (Hynobius lichenatus) in the tsunami inundated lowland area from the period 2012 to 2015, looking at the case of Moune district, Kesennuma city, Miyagi prefecture, Japan. After the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, lowland area almost changed into wetlands by erosion and land subsidence, and seawater ran into a part of the lowland. Lots of egg clutches were found in the whole area in 2012. However several egg clutches deposited in brackish-water were dead. After 2013, the number of egg clutches declined, and the distribution moved inland. The number of egg clutches roughly increased in 2015, indicating the meta-population of Tohoku salamander's resilience against temporary disturbance caused by the tsunami. Models of relations analyzed between the numbers of egg clutches in each year showed larger population had higher resilience and the numbers of dead egg clutches had negative correlation to the total numbers of egg clutches in late years. Results indicated that the environmental changes after the tsunami had more severe impacts on the population's survival. However the population of Tohoku salamander had resilience under the natural state. This resilience may be weakened by man-made induced environmental changes and habitat loss from the tsunami recovery and reconstruction works. Hence, the need for conservation and monitoring was suggested.</p>

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東日本大震災の津波による被災と生態系を基盤とした防災・減災

ICHINOSE Tomohiro

EIO SFC JOURNAL (湘南藤沢学会)  16 ( 1 ) 8 - 25 2016.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

東日本大震災からの復興と人口減少時代の国土のあり方

ICHINOSE Tomohiro

EIO SFC JOURNAL (湘南藤沢学会)  16 ( 1 ) 4 - 7 2016.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

Land Use Planning to Reduce Exposure to Disaster Risk in Seaside Landscape

板川暢, 一ノ瀬 友博

ランドスケープ研究 (日本造園学会)  80 ( 3 ) 196 - 199 2016.10

ISSN  1340-8984

Urban Parks under the Condition of a Falling Population and Global Environmental Problems

u, ICHINOSE Tomohiro

ランドスケープ研究 (日本造園学会)  80 ( 2 ) 107 - 111 2016.07

ISSN  1340-8984

防災集団集落移転促進事業と気仙沼市舞根地区におけるオーラルヒストリーの収集

一ノ瀬友博

農村計画学会誌 34 ( 4 ) 415 - 418 2016

Connections, trust and social capital in disaster: a study on the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan affected residents in Leyte, Philippines

Robles, L.R. and Ichinose, T.

Journal of Environmental Information Science (Center for Environmental Information Science)  44 ( 5 ) 79 - 86 2016

ISSN  0389-6633

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<p>Based on the survey data from 190 affected residents from Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines, we explored (1) how the disaster changed the people's social connections, and (2) how their trusts in various social actors contribute to their response to the disaster. Comparing the identified engagements before, during and after the disaster, we found (1) contact with their family, neighbor and relatives, are consistently present throughout the three phases of the disaster; (2) these changes were possible due to fatality and disappearances, the presence of emergent groups, change of residence, and perception of the disaster as a shared experience; and (3) there is stronger trust in their connections with relatives after the disaster. We concluded that the disaster impacts the interactions and contact with the different social actors in their network.</p>

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海辺ランドスケープの「避ける」防災・減災と土地利用

板川暢・一ノ瀬 友博

ランドスケープ研究 (日本造園学会)  80 ( 3 ) 196 - 199 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

地球環境と人口減少時代の都市公園

ICHINOSE Tomohiro

ランドスケープ研究 (日本造園学会)  80 ( 2 ) 107 - 111 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

Relocation of Settlement and Oral History Collections in Moune, Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture

ICHINOSE Tomohiro

JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION (THE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL PLANNING)  34 ( 4 ) 415 - 418 2016

ISSN  0912-9731

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2011年3月11日に発生した東日本大震災から5年を迎えようとしている。政府が集中復興期間と定めた5年間が終了する。筆者は首都圏に在住であるが，最近はめっきり東日本大震災の被災地の話題に触れることが少なくなった印象を持っている。その理由の一つは2020年に開催予定の東京オリンピック・パラリンピックの話題が良い意味でも悪い意味でも増えていること，もう一つ2011年以降も日本では人的な被害を伴う災害が頻発していることではないかと考えている。被災者以外にとって確実に震災は過去になりつつある。被災地では復興は着実に進んでいるのだろうか。本論で主に扱う防災集団移転促進事業(以下防集)を見てみよう。宮城県の2016年1月12日時点の発表によれば，宮城県には12市町の195地区で防集が計画されていて，そのうち49地区で造成工事が完了している。残る146地区においてもすべて造成工事等に着手しているということである。完了した地区を時期ごとに見てみると，2013年度に終了していたのは，亘理町吉田南河原地区の1地区のみで，2014年度になると30地区で造成工事が完了した。既に完了しているものの多くの防集が被災から3年から4年かかったことになる。なお，これは造成工事の完了であるので，その移転地に住居を建てて移転するのは，それ以降になる。筆者は震災の1ヶ月後から気仙沼市に入り，様々な活動を行ってきているが，気仙沼市に関してみると最も早かったのが，大沢B地区で2015年1月末に完了している。気仙沼市では2014年度にさらに2地区完了し，2015年度に入りさらに6地区で完了した。後で紹介する舞根第2地区(以下では舞根地区と記載)は，2015年6月30日の完了であった。舞根地区では震災があった2011年3月末には被災した住民間で，高台移転の方針に合意していた。それから考えると実に4年3ヶ月以上の長い道のりであった。しかし，造成工事が完了している49地区はまだ恵まれているのかもしれない。宮城県では，まだ全体の4分の3の地区では完了しておらず，多くの住民は不自由な仮設住宅での暮らしを続けている。とても順調に復興しているとは言えないだろう。筆者は，慶應義塾大学湘南藤沢キャンパスの教員・学生とともに宮城県気仙沼市において様々な復興支援プロジェクトに取り組んできた。その過程で気仙沼市の被災状況や外部からの復興支援のあり方などをまとめているので，それらの詳細はそちらを参照いただきたい。また，本論では特に気仙沼市舞根地区の防集を取り上げる。気仙沼市全体の防集については別途論考をまとめているので，参照いただければ幸いである。

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