研究者詳細 - 北　洋輔

論文 - 北　洋輔

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Cognitive and Affective-Emotional Factors in Math Achievement: The Mediating Role of Intelligence

Ikeda Y., Esposito L., Kita Y., Oi Y., Takagi R., Suzuki K., Mammarella I.C., Caviola S., Lanfranchi S., Pulina F., Giofrè D.

Journal of Intelligence （MDPI AG） 14 （ 2 ） 25 - 25 2026年02月

査読有り

In this study, we aimed to investigate the cognitive and affective-emotional factors underlying math achievement in a sample of 169 Japanese elementary school children. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the contributions of fluid and crystallized intelligence, verbal and spatial working memory, and affective-emotional variables, including general anxiety, test anxiety, math anxiety, and math self-efficacy. We found intelligence to be a strong positive predictor of math achievement, while among the affective-emotional variables, math self-efficacy emerged as the only significant predictor of math achievement. Interestingly, intelligence mediated the association between affective-emotional factors, such as math anxiety and self-efficacy, highlighting its central role in children’s math achievement. These findings underscore the strong relationship between intelligence and self-efficacy in educational contexts, suggesting that self-efficacy is closely linked to cognitive abilities to support children’s success in math. Educational implications are discussed, emphasizing the need to strengthen math self-efficacy alongside cognitive abilities.

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【発達性協調運動症(DCD)】総論特別支援教育とDCD

北洋輔

LD研究（(一社)日本LD学会） 34 （ 4 ） 332 - 339 2025年11月

筆頭著者, 最終著者, 責任著者, ISSN 1346-5716

神経発達症児における生活環境採点法の検討

小沢浩, 北洋輔, 井之上寿美, 白井育子, 福田あゆみ, 塩田睦記, 小沢愉理

小児の精神と神経（(一社)日本小児精神神経学会） 65 （ 3 ） 239 - 247 2025年10月

査読有り, ISSN 0559-9040

Recognition of Japanese kanji words in children with specific learning disorders: a preliminary study using magnetoencephalography

Egashira Y., Kaga Y., Gunji A., Kita Y., Kimura M., Hironaga N., Takeichi H., Hayashi S., Kaneko Y., Takahashi H., Hanakawa T., Okada T., Inagaki M.

Brain and Development （Elsevier BV） 47 （ 4 ） 104400 - 104400 2025年08月

査読有り, ISSN 0387-7604

Introduction: In Western countries, reading disorders are believed to be caused by phonological processing problems. Conversely, Japanese children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental dysgraphia often have difficulty learning kanji that are ideographic characters. It is believed that kanji learning and alphabet learning have different pathologies, as the latter uses phonetic character. In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of kanji word recognition in Japanese children with DD and developmental dysgraphia using magnetoencephalography with high spatial resolution. Methods: Seven Japanese children with learning disorders, including 4 with DD and 3 with developmental dysgraphia, and 14 typically developing Japanese children (TDC) underwent magnetoencephalography while presented with kanji compounds and pseudo-kanji character sequences in their parafoveal visual fields, along with a foveal silent movie. Results: No differences were found between conditions or groups, except significantly smaller source activation in the posterior transverse region of the collateral sulcus (ptCoS) in the patient group, when presenting pseudo-kanji than presenting kanji, or than TDC when presenting deviant pseudo-kanji. The ptCoS activity from kanji exhibited a positive correlation with writing skills in the patient group, independently of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom scores. Conclusions: These results suggest that ptCoS activity during the presentation of kanji characters in Japanese children with DD and developmental dysgraphia reflects their writing ability, regardless of ADHD symptoms. Some forms of ptCoS dysfunction may be related to the neural basis of specific kanji writing functions in Japanese patients with DD and developmental dysgraphia.

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（２）読み書きにおける学びの段階とつまずき ③「かな文字の書き」段階

北洋輔

特別支援教育の実践情報 10 - 15 2025年07月

筆頭著者, 最終著者, 責任著者

The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS): Applicability and Utility in a Sample of Japanese Elementary School Children

Yoshifumi Ikeda, Yosuke Kita, Riko Takagi, Kento Suzuki, Irene Cristina Mammarella, Sara Caviola, Silvia Lanfranchi, Francesca Pulina, David Giofrè

International Journal of Psychology （Wiley） 60 （ 2 ） 2025年02月

査読有り, ISSN 0020-7594

Math anxiety negatively affects math performance and future career choices in math-related fields. Various tools assess math anxiety, but the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) is noteworthy for its ease of administration and good psychometric properties. This study evaluates the AMAS's applicability and utility in a sample of approximately 170 Japanese elementary-school children. Findings indicate that the Japanese version of the AMAS has very good internal consistency, good test–retest reliability and validity, both convergent and concurrent. Results from a multigroup analysis showed that the scale shows no gender bias, although girls scored higher on the AMAS despite similar performance to boys on a standardised math test. These findings highlight the AMAS's potential as a screening tool for math anxiety in young children.

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ひらがな読み検査に基づく読字困難の過剰判定と検査基準値の検証

奥村安寿子, 北村柚葵, 櫻井晴子, 白川由佳, 大山帆子, 稲垣真澄, 浅野倫子, 北洋輔

脳と発達（(一社)日本小児神経学会） 56 （ 6 ） 420 - 426 2024年11月

最終著者, 査読有り, ISSN 0029-0831

【目的】ひらがな読み検査は,発達性読み書き障害の診断と治療に不可欠である.その一方で,現行の検査では低学年において読字困難の過剰判定をもたらす危険性がある.本研究では,小学校1,2年生における同検査の大規模データを収集し,実態解明,過剰判定の検証,ならびに新たな基準値の探索と現行基準との比較検討を目的とした.【方法】公立小学校の1年生511名,2年生422名にひらがな読み検査を実施し,音読時間を現行基準と比較した.次に,現行基準に基づく,各学年の異常判定率を検証した.さらに,3年生までの縦断追跡データから新基準値を作成し,1,2年生の異常判定率を検証するとともに,縦断追跡経過を現行基準と比較した.【結果】1,2年の音読時間は現行基準よりも大幅に長く,現行基準に基づく異常判定率は1年生で47.0%,2年生で30.3%に達した.新基準は,現行基準よりも大幅に寛容な値となり,異常判定率は両学年で7%前後となった.縦断追跡経過の比較では,現行基準下で対象児の半数近くが読字困難に分類されたのに対し,新基準下では約15%に低下し,過剰判定の改善が示された.【結論】ひらがな読み検査の現行基準は,1,2年生の実態よりも厳格であり,読字困難を過剰判定する危険性が極めて高いことが示された.新基準は,医学診断および教育的介入の両面でより適切と考えられ,今後は学年基準値の修正を進めていく必要がある.(著者抄録)

Difficulties in perceptual–motor coordination of reaching behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder

Kikuchi K, Honda M, Baba Y, Kita Y, Higuchi T

Cortex 180 111 - 125 2024年11月

査読有り, ISSN 00109452

Increased risk of injury from collisions with objects is an important issue in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether impaired perceptual–motor coordination may underlie the high frequency of collisions. Specifically, we hypothesized that collisions are likely to occur frequently in children with ASD due to their difficulty with body-related spatial perception and their inadequate motor planning, due to their detail-focused processing style, i.e., a tendency to focus attention on specific details rather than on the overall context. To evaluate impairment of perceptual–motor coordination in children with ASD, an original action selection task was developed to assess (a) body-related spatial perception and (b) predictive attentional properties for planning the subsequent movements based on the measures of hand movement and gaze behavior. Twenty-six children (13 diagnosed as ASD and 13 with typical development [TD]) completed the task, and their parents completed a questionnaire regarding their child's susceptibility to injury. Results showed that children with ASD displayed inaccurate body-related spatial perception and inadequate motor planning under conditions that induced their detail-focused processing style. In addition, analyses of gaze behavior reflected the characteristics of a detail-focused processing in children with ASD. This was correlated with the severity of ASD and the measure of motor planning. The present findings suggest that difficulty with perceptual–motor coordination, resulting in part from the detail-focused processing style, might contribute to susceptibility to injury in children with ASD. We consider that our evaluation of the difficulty with perceptual–motor of individuals with ASD provides a framework for understanding their high rate of collision-related injuries and could inform strategies for preventing these injuries.

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【就学前後のつながりを意識した読み書き支援】書字にかかわる運動機能のアセスメント

北洋輔

発達障害研究（(一社)日本発達障害学会） 46 （ 3 ） 220 - 225 2024年11月

筆頭著者, 最終著者, 責任著者, ISSN 0387-9682

発達性協調運動症の子どもの困りごとに気づく—小特集子どもの困りごとへの気づきとケア

北洋輔

子育て支援と心理臨床 / 子育て支援合同委員会監修 ; 「子育て支援と心理臨床」編集委員会編（東京 : 福村出版） 24 50 - 55 2024年09月

Association between Motor Skills, Occupational Performance, and Mental Health in Japanese Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study

Yasunaga M., Miyaguchi H., Ishizuki C., Kita Y., Nakai A.

Children （MDPI AG） 11 （ 8 ） 899 - 899 2024年07月

Background: Motor skills have been linked to executive functions (EFs) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). However, the traits of other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, remain overlooked. Therefore, this study explored the association between motor skills, occupational performance, and mental health in older kindergarten children with DCD and other NDDs. Overall, 95 participants aged 5–6 years were included in this study and divided into four groups: DCD traits (DCD-t), DCD-t + NDD traits (DCD-t + NDD-t), NDD-t-only, and typically developing children. Motor skills, EFs, and mental health were assessed using the DCD Questionnaire (DCDQ-J) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition, School Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (S-AMPS), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. The DCD-t + NDD-t group exhibited a strong correlation between the S-AMPS motor skill score and the DCDQ-J fine motor skill score (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and between the total DCDQ-J score and the SDQ Total Difficulties Score (r = −0.94, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that children with DCD-t and NDD-t are more likely to experience EF and mental health problems than those with DCD-t only.

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Overdiagnosis of reading difficulties based on a Hiragana reading test and the proposal of a new norm

Okumura Y., Kitamura Y., Sakurai H., Shirakawa Y., Oyama H., Inagaki M., Asano M., Kita Y.

No To Hattatsu 56 （ 6 ） 420 - 426 2024年

ISSN 00290831

Objective:While the Hiragana reading test is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dyslexia in Japan, the current norm may overdiagnose reading difficulties, especially among lower graders. The present study aimed to verify the current norm and the extent of overdiagnosis based on a large sample of first graders(G1)and second graders(G2). In addition, more appropriate norm was explored using longitudinal data. Methods:A total of 511 and 422 students enrolled in G1 and G2 at public elementary schools, respectively, completed the Hiragana reading test. First, we compared the reading time distributions between the present sample and the current norm. Second, the diagnosis rate of reading difficulty was examined for each grade. Finally, a new norm was established for the Hiragana reading test based on a three-year longitudinal data, which were contrasted with the current norm with respect to diagnosis rate and longitudinal trajectory. Results:Reading times in the present G1 and G2 samples were considerably longer than the current norm. Diagnosis rate of reading difficulty reached as high as 47.0% in G1 and 30.3% in G2. The longitudinally established new norm was more moderate and led to diagnosis rate of around 7% for both grades. In a comparison of three-year trajectory, nearly half of the students were classified as having reading difficulties, at least once based on the current norm, whereas the use of new norm dropped the classification rate to around 15% and improved overdiagnosis. Conclusions:The current norm of the Hiragana reading test was overly strict for both G1 and G2 graders, which indicates that there is a high risk of overdiagnosing reading difficulties. The new norm was suggested to be more useful for both medical diagnosis and educational intervention. Therefore, it is necessary to modify grade norms of the Hiragana reading test.

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ドーパミン神経伝達と運動抑制に関わる神経活動が協調運動機能に与える影響

白川由佳, 北洋輔, 鈴木浩太, 加賀佳美, 北村柚葵, 奥住秀之, 稲垣真澄

生理心理学と精神生理学（Japanese Society for Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology） 41 （ 2 ） 120 - 131 2023年12月

査読有り, ISSN 0289-2405

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Preimplantation genetic testing using comprehensive genomic copy number analysis is beneficial for balanced translocation carriers

Yamazaki A., Kuroda T., Kawasaki N., Kato K., Shimojima Yamamoto K., Iwasa T., Kuwahara A., Taniguchi Y., Takeshita T., Kita Y., Mikami M., Irahara M., Yamamoto T.

Journal of Human Genetics （Journal of Human Genetics） 69 （ 1 ） 41 - 45 2023年10月

査読有り, ISSN 14345161

Balanced chromosomal translocation is one of chromosomal variations. Carriers of balanced chromosomal translocations have an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage. To avoid the risk, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) using comprehensive genomic copy number analysis has been developed. This study aimed to verify whether and how embryos from couples in which one partner is a balanced translocation carrier have a higher ratio of chromosomal abnormalities. A total of 894 biopsied trophectoderms (TEs) were obtained from 130 couples in which one partner was a balanced translocation carrier (Robertsonian translocation, reciprocal translocation, or intrachromosomal inversion) and grouped as PGT-SR. Conversely, 3269 TEs from 697 couples who experienced recurrent implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss were included in the PGT-A group. The transferable blastocyst ratio was significantly lower in the PGT-SR group, even when bias related to the sample number and patient age was corrected. Subgroup analysis of the PGT-SR group revealed that the transferable blastocyst ratio was higher in the Robertsonian translocation group. Because the PGT-SR group had a higher proportion of untransferable embryos than the PGT-A group, PGT using comprehensive genomic copy number analysis was more beneficial for balanced translocation carriers than for infertility patients without chromosomal translocations. The frequencies of de novo aneuploidies were further analyzed, and the frequency in the PGT-SR group was lower than that in the PGT-A group. Therefore, we could not confirm the existence of interchromosomal effects in this study.

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The Structure of Working Memory and Its Relationship with Intelligence in Japanese Children

Ikeda Y., Kita Y., Oi Y., Okuzumi H., Lanfranchi S., Pulina F., Mammarella I.C., Allen K., Giofrè D.

Journal of Intelligence （Journal of Intelligence） 11 （ 8 ） 167 - 167 2023年08月

査読有り

There is a host of research on the structure of working memory (WM) and its relationship with intelligence in adults, but only a few studies have involved children. In this paper, several different WM models were tested on 170 Japanese school children (from 7 years and 5 months to 11 years and 6 months). Results showed that a model distinguishing between modalities (i.e., verbal and spatial WM) fitted the data well and was therefore selected. Notably, a bi-factor model distinguishing between modalities, but also including a common WM factor, presented with a very good fit, but was less parsimonious. Subsequently, we tested the predictive power of the verbal and spatial WM factors on fluid and crystallized intelligence. Results indicated that the shared contribution of WM explained the largest portion of variance of fluid intelligence, with verbal and spatial WM independently explaining a residual portion of the variance. Concerning crystallized intelligence, however, verbal WM explained the largest portion of the variance, with the joint contribution of verbal and spatial WM explaining the residual part. The distinction between verbal and spatial WM could be important in clinical settings (e.g., children with atypical development might struggle selectively on some WM components) and in school settings (e.g., verbal and spatial WM might be differently implicated in mathematical achievement).

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Interaction during online classes fosters engagement with learning and self-directed study both in the first and second years of the COVID-19 pandemic

Gherghel C., Yasuda S., Kita Y.

Computers and Education （Computers and Education） 200 104795 - 104795 2023年07月

最終著者, 責任著者, 査読有り, ISSN 0360-1315

Maintaining students’ learning engagement was a challenge in emergency online education during the pandemic. In this study, we investigated the predictors (social interaction) and outcomes (self-directed study) of engagement in online learning during the first and second years of the COVID-19 pandemic. First-year Japanese university students (N = 1167) enrolled in online classes during 2020 and 2021 responded to a questionnaire measuring perceived opportunities for social interaction during online classes, engagement with online learning, and extracurricular self-directed study time. Multi-group path analysis revealed that social interaction during online classes exhibited a positive indirect effect on self-directed study time through emotional and behavioral engagement with online learning. The positive indirect effect was significant in both the first and second years of the pandemic. The results suggest that increasing the number of opportunities for social interaction during online classes may exhibit spillover effects on learning outside the online classroom.

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Pre-movement gating of somatosensory evoked potentials in Tourette syndrome

Kimura K., Murase N., Nagao Y., Nozaki M., Fukumizu M., Kita Y., Hayashi M., Hoshino K.

Brain and Development （Brain and Development） 45 （ 6 ） 324 - 331 2023年06月

ISSN 03877604

Objective: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Simple tics are purposeless involuntary movements that spontaneously resolve during middle adolescence. Complex tics appear to be semi-voluntary movements that may become intractable when associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Sensory tics or urges preceded by tics suggest sensorimotor processing impairment in TS. We aimed to clarify its pathophysiology by exploring the pre-movement gating (attenuation) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Methods: We examined 42 patients (aged 9–48 years), 4 of whom underwent follow-up assessment, along with 19 healthy controls. We defined patients with only simple tics as TS-S and patients with complex tics as TS-C. Pre-movement gating of SEPs was assessed using a previously described method. Frontal N30 (FrN30) amplitudes were compared between pre-movement and resting states. The gating ratio of pre-movement/resting amplitude of the FrN30 component was assessed: the larger the ratio, the less the gating. Results: The gating ratio for TS-C patients was larger than that of TS-S patients and healthy controls, but a statistical difference between TS-S and TS-C appeared after 15 years and over (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the gating ratio between TS-S patients and healthy controls. The gating ratio was related to the severity of OCD (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sensorimotor processing was preserved for simple tics but impaired in complex tics, specifically after middle adolescence. Our study supports an age-dependent dysfunction of both motor and non-motor cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits in complex tics. SEP gating seems promising as a tool for assessing age-dependent sensorimotor disintegration in TS.

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Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining Intervention Effects on Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder Traits.

Yasunaga M, Miyaguchi H, Ishizuki C, Kita Y, Nakai A

Brain Sciences. （Brain Sciences） 13 （ 5 ） 721 2023年

査読有り

Children with traits of developmental coordination disorder (DCD-t) may experience occupational performance problems that go unrecognized and therefore may not be adequately supported. The cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) approach has been effective in interventions for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Based on an open-label, randomized controlled trial design, this study evaluated the effects of CO-OP on the occupational performance and motor skills of older kindergarten children with DCD-t using the School Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (S-AMPS) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition. Children with a total DCDQ score of less than 40 or M-ABC2 scores in the 5th to 16th percentile were considered to have DCD-t. Furthermore, children with DCD-t and S-AMPS process skills less than 0.7 were considered to have DAMP (Deficits in Attention, Motor control and Perception)-t. After 3 months of CO-OP intervention, the performance and motor skills of children with DCD-t improved significantly. However, there were no significant changes noted in the motor skills of children with DAMP-t, although their occupational performance improved. These results suggest that CO-OP is effective even for older kindergarten children with DCD-t. However, further improvement of the CO-OP approach or a different strategy is required for children with ADHD comorbidity.

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乳幼児・児童のスマートフォン，タブレットの利用状況と生活実態調査

小沢愉理, 小沢浩, 杉浦信子, 白川由佳, 北洋輔

日本小児科学会雑誌 126 （ 11 ） 1489 - 1497 2022年11月

最終著者, 査読有り

Modulation effects of the intact motor skills on the relationship between social skills and motion perceptions in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study

Sakihara K., Kita Y., Suzuki K., Inagaki M.

Brain and Development （Brain and Development） 45 （ 1 ） 39 - 48 2022年09月

査読有り, ISSN 03877604

Background: An individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has social skill, motor skill, and motion perception deficits. However, the relationship among them was not clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of motor skills on social skills and motion perception. Methods: Five typically developed children and fourteen children with ASD participated in our study. The N200 component, a brain activity indicating motion perception, was induced in mid-temporal (MT/V5) brain area by watching a random dot kinematograph, and was recorded using a scalp electroencephalogram. Furthermore, the social responsiveness scale (SRS) indicating the social skill deficit, the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ) estimating the developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and the movement assessment battery for children second edition (MABC-2) indicating motor skills were recorded in the children with ASD. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the modulation effects of motor skills on the relationship between social skills and motion perception. The dependent variable was the N200 latency, and the independent variables were SRS, MABC-2, and combined MABC-2 and SRS. Results: The N200 latency was more delayed in children with ASD relative that in typically developed children. Intact balance ability modulated the relationship between social skills and N200 latency in children with ASD. Within the high balance ability, when the social skills worsened, the N200 latency was shortened. Conclusions: This is the first report that intact motor skills could modulate the relationship between social skills and motion perception.

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