研究者詳細 - 北　洋輔

論文 - 北　洋輔

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Laterality of prefrontal hemodynamic response measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: A potential biomarker of clinical outcome

Yamazaki R., Inoue Y., Matsuda Y., Kodaka F., Kitamura Y., Kita Y., Shigeta M., Kito S.

Psychiatry Research （Psychiatry Research） 310 114444 - 114444 2022年04月

査読有り, ISSN 01651781

The factors associated with the clinical outcomes of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether rTMS can change the functional laterality of the prefrontal hemodynamic response and whether baseline functional laterality can predict the clinical outcomes of rTMS using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We included 19 patients with MDD who were treated with high-frequency rTMS. The verbal fluency task was used as the activation task. We calculated the laterality index (LI) based on the task-related oxygenation response in the frontal region. First, the LI was compared before and after rTMS treatment. Second, the reduction in the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score was compared between the rightward dominance group (pre-LI < 0) and the leftward dominance group (pre-LI ≥ 0). The findings showed a significant change in the LI after rTMS treatment. The rightward dominance group had a significantly greater reduction in MADRS score than the leftward dominance group. Subsequently, the laterality of the task-related hemodynamic response of the prefrontal region shifted leftward following left high-frequency rTMS treatment. Thus, the pre-LI calculated using fNIRS data is a possible predictor of rTMS outcomes in patients with MDD.

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Quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year follow-up study

Ueda R., Okada T., Kita Y., Ukezono M., Takada M., Ozawa Y., Inoue H., Shioda M., Kono Y., Kono C., Nakamura Y., Amemiya K., Ito A., Sugiura N., Matsuoka Y., Kaiga C., Shiraki Y., Kubota M., Ozawa H.

Scientific Reports （Scientific Reports） 12 （ 1 ） 4298 - 4298 2022年03月

査読有り

This study aimed to reveal changes in the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents, and the interaction between their QOL and parental mental state during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Eighty-nine school-aged children and parents participated in surveys in May 2020 (T1) and May 2021 (T2). The parents completed questionnaires that assessed their QOL, depression, parenting stress, and living conditions. Children’s temporary mood status was evaluated using the self-reported visual analog scale (VAS). Children’s QOL and VAS at T2 were higher than their QOL at T1. Parents’ QOL at T2 was lower than their QOL at T1. Severe parental depression at T1 had a synergistic effect on severe parenting stress and severe depressive state at T2. Additionally, children’s high QOL at T1 had a synergistic effect on low parenting stress and children’s high QOL at T2. Furthermore, children’s low VAS scores and parents’ low QOL at T2 were associated with deterioration of family economic status. Children and parents’ QOL changed during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Improvement in children’s QOL was influenced by reduced maternal depressive symptoms. Public support for parental mental health is important to avoid decreasing QOL.

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Pre-elementary Children With Imperfect Letter-Name Knowledge Are at Great Risk of Reading Difficulty in First Grade: One-Year Longitudinal Study in Japanese Hiragana

Okumura Y., Kita Y., Kitamura Y., Oyama H.

Frontiers in Education （Frontiers in Education） 7 2022年02月

査読有り

While letter-naming ability is a well-known preschool predictor of the later acquisition of literacy, little is known about an appropriate benchmark (i.e., how many letter names children must know at a given age) and how it may vary among different writing systems. The present study aimed to establish a letter-naming benchmark in Japanese Hiragana for pre-elementary children (age 5 to 6 years) and examined whether this benchmark predicts risk or success in later reading development via a one-year longitudinal survey. Children (N = 291) were assessed once in their pre-elementary year for Hiragana-naming accuracy and once in their first-grade year for oral reading fluency. As a result, the ability to name 40 of 45 letters was determined to be an optimal cut-off, and failure to meet it strongly predicted a risk of deficient reading fluency in first grade. These findings support the notion that Japanese children without near-perfect mastery of Hiragana-naming in their pre-elementary year are at great risk of reading difficulty in first grade. In addition, possible contrasts between Hiragana- and alphabet-naming indicated a need for further research in different languages and scripts to establish appropriate goals and policies for this foundational skill of reading in early education.

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Serum zinc level in children with neurodevelopmental disease

Inoue H., Kono Y., Kono C., Shiraki Y., Shioda M., Amemiya K., Nakamura Y., Sugiura N., Ozawa Y., Kita Y., Ozawa H.

No To Hattatsu （No To Hattatsu） 54 （ 5 ） 356 - 358 2022年

ISSN 00290831

The study aimed to compare serum zinc levels between children with neurodevelopmental disorders and healthy children. A total of 63 school-aged children（49 boys and 14 girls）with neurodevelopmental disorders were included in the patients group, and in the previous study, 380 healthy age-matched children constituted the control group. Zinc deficiency was found in 19 children（30%）, latent zinc deficiency in 39（62%）, and five patients（8%）had normal zinc levels. Serum zinc level in children with neurodevelopmental disorders was significantly lower than the control data for the healthy group（p＜0.001）. Most children with neurodevelopmental disorders had either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder（36 patients, 54%）and autism spectrum disorder（22 patients, 39%）. There was no significant difference seen in the diseases（p＝0.32）and sex（p＝0.95）. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders tend to have a zinc deficiency. No significant serum zinc level differences were notes based on disease or sex.

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How should time abroad be spent? Effects of social interaction and out-of-class study time while abroad on foreign language proficiency and use

Gherghel C., Yasuda S., Kita Y.

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development （Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development） Epub ahead of print （ 5 ） 1 - 15 2021年12月

最終著者, 査読有り, ISSN 0143-4632

We investigated the effects of social interaction and out-of-class study time on foreign language proficiency and use among two hundred students from a Japanese university who studied abroad for one month. Participants’ use of English and English proficiency were measured before and after the programme. Interaction with people from other cultures and out-of-class study time while abroad were also reported. Based on social interaction and out-of-class study time, students were grouped into four clusters: an Unengaged cluster, with low levels of interaction and out-of-class study time; a Balanced cluster, with average levels of both interaction and study time; a Studious cluster, with high out-of-class study time but low interaction levels; and a Communicative cluster, with high interaction levels but low study time. Analyses of clusters’ main effects revealed that overall, the Studious group had higher English proficiency, and the Balanced and Communicative groups reported higher use of English than the Unengaged group. While English proficiency increased to the same degree in all four groups, the Balanced group gained more in English use compared to the Unengaged group after study abroad. The results suggest the importance of how students spend their time abroad in promoting foreign language use.

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The quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the Coronavirus disease 19 emergency in Japan

Riyo Ueda, Takashi Okada, Yosuke Kita, Yuri Ozawa, Hisami Inoue, Mutsuki Shioda, Yoshimi Kono, Chika Kono, Yukiko Nakamura, Kaoru Amemiya, Ai Ito, Nobuko Sugiura, Yuichiro Matsuoka, Chinami Kaiga, Masaya Kubota, Hiroshi Ozawa

Scientific Reports （Scientific Reports） 11 （ 1 ） 3042 - 3042 2021年12月

査読有り

This study aimed to reveal how the COVID-19 stay-at-home period has affected the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents and to identify possible factors that enabled them to maintain their QOL. We enrolled 136 school-aged children (intellectual quotient ≥ 50) and their parents and administered QOL questionnaires to assess the maladaptive behavior of the children; depression, anxiety, and stress of the parents; and activities of their daily lives. The relationship between their QOL and clinical features was examined. The decrease in QOL of children and parents was associated with the mother’s limited job flexibility. Decreased QOL was also associated with changes in the sleep rhythms of the children. Maladaptive behaviors in children were associated with parental stress. However, maintained QOL of some families who faced these same conditions of job stress and sleep disorders was associated with less parental stress, less parental depression and anxiety, and milder maladaptive behavior in children. Both mothers with limited job flexibility and changes in the sleep rhythm of children were associated with reduced QOL of children and their parents. Low parental stress was associated with decreased maladaptive behavior in children and with maintained QOL of the family.

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Motor Ability and Mental Health of Young Children: A Longitudinal Study

Hirata S., Kita Y., Suzuki K., Kitamura Y., Okuzumi H., Kokubun M.

Frontiers in Education （Frontiers in Education） 6 2021年11月

査読有り

This study used a longitudinal method to investigate relations between motor abilities and mental health in young children. We analyzed longitudinal data of 38 Japanese children who were 3–6 years old. We administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second edition (MABC2) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 3–4 years and 5–6 years of age: MABC2 was used to evaluate each child’s motor ability; SDQ was used to assess the degree of their mental health difficulties and prosocial behavior. Logistic regression results indicated that the MABC2 score at 3–4 years can predict the risk of motor skill impairments at 5–6 years (adjusted odds ratio was 0.354). Motor ability assessed at 3–4 years, however, did not predict the risk of mental health problems at 5–6 years. Analyses of longitudinal quantitative changes in motor ability and mental health confirmed these results. Mental health problems that occurred at 5–6 years were related only to individual SDQ score differences at 3–4 years. The MABC2 total score at 3–4 years was not related to later prosocial behavior. Boys tended to obtain a lower MABC2 score at 5–6 years. Girls tended to obtain a higher SDQ prosocial score at 5–6 years. Results of this study suggest that motor skill impairment and SDQ-measured mental health are independent characteristics in young Japanese children aged 3–6 years.

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Effect of anti-attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication on clinical seizures and sleep EEG: A retrospective study of Japanese children with ADHD

Yamamoto H., Nakagawa E., Kita Y., Kaga Y., Inagaki M.

Neuropsychopharmacology Reports （Neuropsychopharmacology Reports） 41 （ 4 ） 511 - 521 2021年10月

査読有り, ISSN 2574-173X

Aims: Patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit basic or paroxysmal wave abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG). Methylphenidate (MPH), an anti-ADHD stimulant, has been reported to lower the seizure threshold. However, there have been no reports comparing EEG changes before and after administration of the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant MPH, or atomoxetine (ATX) hydrochloride, a non-CNS stimulant. In this study, we investigated changes in sleep EEG before and after the administration of ADHD treatment drugs. Method: With the approval of the ethics committee, the medical records of 28 children with ADHD (23 men and 5 women) who gave consent were retrospectively investigated. The appearance of sudden abnormal waves during a 10-minute sleep EEG recording was measured in 0.1-second units, and the duration of these waves was calculated as the paroxysmal index (PI). Results: Paroxysmal index did not differ significantly between patients who received MPH and those who received ATX. In addition, there were no exacerbations of clinical seizures. Conclusion: It was concluded that ADHD medications do not have an adverse effect on epileptic seizures or abnormal sleep EEGs.

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Oral support for patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities

Nakamura T., Kita Y., Fujimoto J., Ayuzawa K., Ozawa H.

Pediatrics International （Pediatrics International） 64 （ 1 ） 2021年10月

査読有り, ISSN 13288067

Background: Oral support during feeding was clinically provided to patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) for the prevention of dysphasia. The present study investigated the advantages of oral support anatomically and functionally. Methods: A videofluoroscopic swallowing study was conducted on nine patients with SMID (age = 5–41 years; mean age = 15.0; four males, five females) and 24 healthy adults (age = 26–67 years; mean age = 44.3; 16 males, eight females). The movements of the hyoid bone and mandible during pharyngeal swallowing were tracked, and the pharyngeal residues were evaluated. The temporal and spatial features of the movements were compared between patients with and without oral support as well as healthy adults. Results: The mandible moved downward earlier and showed larger displacement in the patients with SMID. The patients also had insufficient anterior displacement of the hyoid, which was associated with the pharyngeal residue. This displacement was enhanced, and the pharyngeal residue decreased with oral support. Conclusions: Oral support to hold the mandible successfully improved hyoid excursion and reduced pharyngeal residue during swallowing, which is a simple and reliable strategy for the prevention of dysphasia in patients with SMID.

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Hyoid bone movement during swallowing and mechanism of pharyngeal residue in patients with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Nakamura T., Kita Y., Fujimoto J., Ayuzawa K., Ozawa H.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology （International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology） 149 110849 - 110849 2021年10月

査読有り, ISSN 01655876

Objectives: Dysphagia is linked to mortality risk among patients with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD); the present study therefore aimed to clarify the characteristics of hyoid movements during swallowing and to examine the mechanism of dysphagia in patients with PIMD. Methods: A retrospective video fluoroscopic swallowing study was conducted on 43 patients with PIMD (mean age = 25.4; 25 males, 18 females) and 24 healthy adults (mean age = 44.3; 16 males, 8 females). The movements of the hyoid bone and mandible were tracked frame by frame in the video footage, and their range of movements and trajectories were analyzed. Results: Most patients showed atypical movement trajectories of the hyoid, such as insufficient anterior movement and increased range of mandibular downward movement, compared with normal adults. Moreover, the mechanism of dysphagia was revealed by structural equation modeling, indicating that insufficient anterior movement could lead to pharyngeal residue in the pyriform sinus. Conclusion: The insufficient anterior movement of the hyoid could be caused by weak ventral suprahyoid muscles and atypical head and neck posture characteristic of patients with PIMD. It may be useful to predict pharyngeal residue from the range of hyoid movements and trajectories for the prevention of aspiration.

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注意欠如・多動症の児童への投薬による学習態度の変化について

杉浦信子, 小沢愉理, 三橋翔太, 北洋輔, 小沢浩

小児の精神と神経（一般社団法人日本小児精神神経学会） 61 （ 3 ） 239 - 245 2021年10月

査読有り, ISSN 0559-9040

注意欠如・多動症（ADHD）への薬物療法では主に行動面の症状改善によって効果判定がなされるが，学習面，特に学習態度に与える影響は明らかではない．そこで通知表を利用して投薬による評定・評価の変化を検討した．薬物療法を受けている39名の小学生のADHD患児を対象として，学校から配布される通知表を投薬前後で二度回収し，評価の変化を分析した．国語・算数・体育の「関心・意欲・態度」の評価が投薬前に比べて投薬後では有意に高くなった．理科や社会など他の科目では評価の変化が認められなかった．投薬により学習意欲や態度が改善され，それらが教員から評価され，評価が向上したと考えた．

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Clinical profile of reading ability and reading and writing achievement of children with borderline full-scale intellectual quotient: a prospective study

Ueda R., Kaga Y., Kita Y., Nakagawa E., Okada T., Inagaki M.

BMC Pediatrics （BMC Pediatrics） 21 （ 1 ） 389 - 389 2021年09月

査読有り

Background: Poor reading ability is one of the common causes of low academic performance. In previous studies, children with dyslexia were found to demonstrate poor academic achievement due to poor reading ability. However, the relationship between academic achievement and reading ability in children with a borderline full-scale intellectual quotient (FSIQ) is unknown. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of children with borderline FSIQ and poor reading ability, and differentiate these characteristics from those of children with higher FSIQ and poor reading ability. Methods: A total of 126 children (aged 6–15 years) identified as having low academic performance were enrolled. The reading ability of children was assessed through their performance on the hiragana (Japanese syllabary) reading task, while their reading and writing achievement was assessed through their reading and writing score on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition. Children were categorized into two groups based on their FSIQ score (FSIQ > 85 and 85 ≥ FSIQ ≥ 70). Reading ability in children was evaluated by referring to the linear relationship between FSIQ and the standard deviation value of reading tasks in typically developing children. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine clinical characteristics between higher and lower FSIQ groups. Associations between reading and writing achievement, reading ability, and ages of children were assessed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients for the higher and lower FSIQ groups. Results: Poorer reading and writing achievement was associated with poorer reading ability in the higher FSIQ group. Conversely, poorer reading and writing achievement and poor reading ability were associated with older age in the lower FSIQ group. Conclusions: Poor reading and writing achievement were associated with older age, not with poor reading ability in the lower FSIQ group. Children with lower FSIQ need appropriate educational interventions based on independent assessments to further their academic achievement and reading ability. Moreover, they need more frequent evaluations of their academic achievement than do children with higher FSIQ and poor reading ability since they are more likely to be at a lower academic achievement level at an older age.

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短期留学中の行動パターンが第二言語習得に与える影響

Gherghel Claudia, 安田晶子, 北洋輔

Mori Arinori Institute for Higher Education and Global Mobility Working Paper Series No.WP2021-02 1 - 15 2021年07月

最終著者, 責任著者

オンライン授業に関する教員の認識と姿勢－教員向けアンケート調査に基づいて－

北洋輔, 安田晶子, Gherghel Claudia

Mori Arinori Institute for Higher Education and Global Mobility Working Paper Series No.WP2021-01 1 - 34 2021年05月

筆頭著者, 責任著者

大学入学者選抜が学業成績に与える影響：入試得点および入試区分に着目した分析

Gherghel Claudia, 安田晶子, 北洋輔

Mori Arinori Institute for Higher Education and Global Mobility Working Paper Series No.WP2020-02 1 - 2 2021年03月

最終著者, 責任著者

Assessment and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia in Japanese-English bilingual children A case series study

Okumura Y., Kaga Y., Inagaki M., Kita Y.

No To Hattatsu （No To Hattatsu） 53 （ 2 ） 111 - 117 2021年

ISSN 00290831

Objective: Reading and writing difficulties in children with a multilingual background are often considered to be a consequence of limited language proficiency rather than developmental dyslexia (DD) or intellectual disabilities. However, since these latter conditions are also prevalent in a multilingual population, the present study explored the assessment and diagnosis of DD. through a case-series study of Japa-nese-English bilingual children. Methods: The participants were four school-aged Japanese-English bilingual children (Cases 1-4) with reading and writing difficulties as a major complaint. They were tested for cognitive abilities (IQ) and both oral language and basic literacy skills in Japanese and English, and we made a diagnosis of a specific learning disorder based on DSM-5. Results: Full-scale IQ and oral language abilities in both Japanese and English were within the normal range for all cases. Regarding basic literacy skills, three of them (' nr 1, 3, 4) showed difficulties from the level of Hiragana reading while one (Case 2) showed difficulties in kanji. Two children who used English at school also showed severe difficulties in alphabet naming (Case 3) and oral text reading (Cases 3, 4). Based on these res«,us, Cases 1, 3, and 4 were diagnosed as having a specific learning disorder in both reading and writing, while Case 2 was diagnosed as ha + disorder mainly in writing. Conclusions: The evaluation of basic literacy skills (e. g., letter, word, and simple text reading) were shown to be particularly useful for assessing DD in multilingual children. While assessment and diagnosis in similar cases that involve multipl-guages pose many challenges in practice, approaches that can be used to identify innate specific learning disorders despite the complex environmental and linguistic background are needed.

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Improvement of brain function after surgery in infants with posterior quadrant cortical dysplasia

Ueda R., Iwasaki M., Kita Y., Takeichi H., Saito T., Nakagawa E., Sugai K., Okada T., Sasaki M.

Clinical Neurophysiology （Clinical Neurophysiology） in press （ 2 ） 332 - 337 2021年

査読有り, ISSN 13882457

Objective: To reveal whether neurodevelopmental outcome of infants after epilepsy surgery can be quantitatively assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity analysis. Methods: We enrolled 13 infants with posterior quadrant dysplasia aged <2 years who were treated using posterior quadrantectomy and 21 age-matched infants. EEG was performed both before and one year after surgery. Developmental quotient (DQ) was assessed both before and 3 years after surgery. The phase lag index (PLI) of three different pairs of electrodes in the nonsurgical hemisphere, i.e., the anterior short distance (ASD), posterior short distance (PSD), and long distance (LD) pairs, were calculated as indices of brain connectivity. The relationship between the PLI and DQ was evaluated. Results: Overall, 77% infants experienced seizure freedom after surgery. The beta- and gamma- range PLI of PSD pairs increased preoperatively. All these pairs normalized postoperatively. Simple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the postoperative DQ and the postoperative beta-band PLI of ASD pairs. Conclusion: Preoperative abnormal hyper-connectivity was normalized to the control level after surgery. The postoperative hyperconnectivity was associated with long-term neurodevelopmental improvement. Significance: PLI quantifies neurodevelopmental improvements after posterior quadrantectomy.

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学校生活における「困った気持ち」をみつけるための学校自己採点法の活用

小沢浩, 北洋輔

脳と発達 in press 2021年

最終著者, 査読有り

多言語環境児における発達性ディスレクシアの評価と診断:日本語−英語バイリンガル症例のケースシリーズ研究

奥村安寿子, 加賀佳美, 稲垣真澄, 北洋輔

脳と発達（(一社)日本小児神経学会） in press （ 2 ） 111 - 117 2021年

査読有り, ISSN 0029-0831

【目的】多言語環境にある小児の読み書き困難は、学習機会の少なさといった環境要因が原因とされやすいが、発達性読み書き障害や知的能力障害などに基づく場合もある。本研究では、日本語-英語のバイリンガル症例に両言語による基礎的な読み書き評価を適用し、多言語環境児における発達性読み書き障害の評価・診断のあり方を検討した。【方法】読み書きの困難を主訴として医療機関を受診した、日本語-英語バイリンガル児4名に標準化知能検査、英語の口頭言語能力評価、および両言語の基礎的な読み書き検査を実施し、DSM-5による限局性学習症の読字・書字表出困難の診断を行った。【結果】全般的な知的発達水準と口頭言語能力は、全例で正常範囲内にあった。日本語の読み書き検査では、症例1、3、4がひらがな読字から、症例2が漢字で困難を示した。学校言語が英語の2名では、アルファベットの呼称(症例3)と英語の文章音読(症例3、4)にも重篤な困難が認められた。これらより、症例1、3、4は読字および書字表出、症例2は書字表出に特異的な困難がある発達性読み書き障害と診断された。【結論】文字や単語の基礎的な読み書き検査は、多言語環境児の診断的評価に有用であった。複数言語での評価は実施面の課題が多いが、中核症状である正確性・流暢性低下、および言語歴や学習時間等との乖離の把握により、環境要因では説明しがたい生得的な限局性学習症を特定できる。(著者抄録)

Utilizing the self-assessment of school life to find children's concerns

Ozawa H., Kita Y.

No To Hattatsu （No To Hattatsu） 53 （ 1 ） 63 - 65 2021年

ISSN 00290831

We examined the usefulness of the self-assessment of school life for children who have difficulty verbalizing their concerns. Eighty-six students were asked to answer their "concerns about their school life by using open questions and self-assessment of school life. Compared to open questions, there were significantly more children who were able to verbalize their concerns by the self-assessment of school life, and it was considered that the verbalization of concerns was promoted by the quantification process of their own school life.

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