論文 - 北　洋輔

脳機能における特徴

北 洋輔

脳と発達 （The Japanese Society of Child Neurology）  47 （ 3 ） 194 - 197 2015年

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

　概要を見る

発達性ディスレクシア (developmental dyslexia ; DD) に関する脳機能研究について概観した. 脳機能研究は, 文字の読みそのものに関わる脳機能の検討と, 読みを支える認知的要因の検討の二つに大別され, 後者はDDの病態解明を目指すアプローチとされる. 我々は後者に着目し, 日本語話者のDDの病態解明に取り組んでいる. 音韻処理に関わる脳機能研究からは, 大脳基底核など日本語独自の病態が示唆される一方, 大細胞系視知覚に関わる研究からは, アルファベット語圏と共通する病態の存在も見出された. これらから, 日本語話者のDDの病態にいくつかのサブタイプが存在することが示唆されるとともに, 今後はサブタイプに応じた適切な治療や教育の選択が期待される.

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視覚誘発電位を用いた大細胞系機能評価と読字能力の関連性

小林朋佳, 稲垣真澄, 山崎広子, 北洋輔, 加我牧子, 岡明

脳と発達 46   424 - 428 2015年

査読有り

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Differential electrophysiological responses to biological motion in children and adults with and without autism spectrum disorders

Masahiro Hirai, Atsuko Gunji, Yuki Inoue, Yosuke Kita, Takashi Hayashi, Kengo Nishimaki, Miho Nakamura, Ryusuke Kakigi, Masumi Inagaki

RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS （ELSEVIER SCI LTD）  8 （ 12 ） 1623 - 1634 2014年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  1750-9467

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Although atypical processing of biological motion (BM) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported, the temporal profile of the neural response to BM is not well explored. In the current study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in 12 individuals with ASD, aged 8-22 years, and 12 age- and gender-matched normal controls, to investigate the electrophysiological response to BM and a control visual stimulus. By introducing a novel experimental paradigm that can dissociate the electrophysiological responses to motion processing and the global shape processing of BM, we found that: (1) the timing of the response was preserved in ASD groups, whereas (2) the ERP response to BM was significantly enhanced compared with scrambled point-light motion (SM) in normal controls; the responses to both BM and SM were not significantly different in subjects with ASD. Because we did not find a significant group effect on the peak and mean amplitude induced by BM, it is presumed that this atypical response in individuals with ASD was due to over-sensitivity to the local motion signals. This experimental paradigm showed atypical local motion processing of BM in individuals with ASD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Relationship between magnocellular function and reading skills in children: A study using visual evoked potentials

Tomoka Kobayashi, Masumi Inagaki, Hiroko Yamazaki, Yosuke Kita, Makiko Kaga, Akira Oka

No To Hattatsu （Japanese Society of Child Neurology）  46 （ 6 ） 424 - 428 2014年11月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

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Objective: Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. The magnocellular deficit theory is one of several hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of DD. In this study, we investigated magnocellular system dysfunction in Japanese dyslexic children.
Methods: Subjects were 19 dyslexic children (DD group) and 19 aged-matched healthy children (TD group). They were aged between 7 and 16 years. Reversed patterns of black and white sinusoidal gratings generated at a low spatial frequency, high reversal frequency of 7.5 Hz, and low contrasts were used specifically to stimulate the magnocellular system. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEP) from the occipital area and examined their relationship with reading and naming tasks, such as the time to read hiragana characters, rapid automatized naming of pictured objects, and phonological manipulation.
Results: Compared to the TD group, the DD group showed a significantly lower peak amplitude of VEPs through the complex demodulation method. Structural equation modeling showed that VEP peak amplitudes were related to the rapid automatized naming of pictured objects, and better rapid automatized naming resulted in higher reading skills. There was no correlation between VEP findings and the capacity for phonological manipulation.
Conclusions: VEPs in response to the magnocellular system are useful for understanding the pathophysiology of DD. Single phonological deficit may not be sufficient to cause DD.

Face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders

Yosuke Kita

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY （ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV）  94 （ 2 ） 141 - 142 2014年11月

査読有り,  ISSN  0167-8760

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Psychometric properties of Japanese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version-IV Scale-Teacher Form: A study of school children in community samples

Yuki Inoue, Keiko Ito, Yosuke Kita, Masumi Inagaki, Makiko Kaga, James M. Swanson

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT （ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV）  36 （ 8 ） 700 - 706 2014年09月

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-7604

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Background: Psychometric properties of The Japanese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV)-Teacher Form were examined in this study. Method: Community samples of 1296 children (Grade 1-9, boys 52.9%) were collected from public elementary/middle schools in suburban areas. Teachers rated their children's behavior using Japanese version of SNAP-IV-Teacher Form and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: A three-factor structure model, which was equivalent with AD/HD symptoms subscales (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) and oppositional-defiant disorder symptoms subscale was obtained and confirmed in an explorative/confirmative factorial analysis (Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.913, Comparative Fit Index = 0.959, root mean square error of approximation = 0.056). The current version of the SNAP-IV-Teacher Form demonstrated good test retest reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.752-0.822), high internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.933-0.952), significant correlations with relevant subscales of Japanese version of SDQ, and typical effects of age and gender on those subscales. Conclusion: The current study indicates that the Japanese version of SNAP-IV-Teacher Form is a reliable and valid instrument for rating symptoms related to AD/HD and ODD. (C) 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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特別支援教育における小学校教員と言語聴覚士の連携に関する調査

中村 達也, 鮎澤 浩一, 北 洋輔

言語聴覚研究 （日本言語聴覚士協会 ; 2004-）  11 （ 3 ） 166 - 174 2014年

査読有り,  ISSN  1349-5828

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自閉症スペクトラム障害児の顔認知研究の現状と展望

軍司 敦子, 北 洋輔, 稲垣 真澄

精神保健研究 = Journal of mental health : official journal of the National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Japan （国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所）   （ 27 ） 63 - 71 2014年

査読有り,  ISSN  0915-065X

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Altered brain activity for phonological manipulation in dyslexic Japanese children

Yosuke Kita, Hisako Yamamoto, Kentaro Oba, Yuri Terasawa, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Hitoshi Uchiyama, Ayumi Seki, Tatsuya Koeda, Masumi Inagaki

BRAIN （OXFORD UNIV PRESS）  136 （ Pt 12 ） 3696 - 3708 2013年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  0006-8950

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Because of unique linguistic characteristics, the prevalence rate of developmental dyslexia is relatively low in the Japanese language. Paradoxically, Japanese children have serious difficulty analysing phonological processes when they have dyslexia. Neurobiological deficits in Japanese dyslexia remain unclear and need to be identified, and may lead to better understanding of the commonality and diversity in the disorder among different linguistic systems. The present study investigated brain activity that underlies deficits in phonological awareness in Japanese dyslexic children using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We developed and conducted a phonological manipulation task to extract phonological processing skills and to minimize the influence of auditory working memory on healthy adults, typically developing children, and dyslexic children. Current experiments revealed that several brain regions participated in manipulating the phonological information including left inferior and middle frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral basal ganglia. Moreover, dyslexic children showed altered activity in two brain regions. They showed hyperactivity in the basal ganglia compared with the two other groups, which reflects inefficient phonological processing. Hypoactivity in the left superior temporal gyrus was also found, suggesting difficulty in composing and processing phonological information. The altered brain activity shares similarity with those of dyslexic children in countries speaking alphabetical languages, but disparity also occurs between these two populations. These are initial findings concerning the neurobiological impairments in dyslexic Japanese children.

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高機能自閉症児における対人相互交渉の困難の要因に関する検討 : 心の理論課題を通過する事例の様相に着目して

鈴木 徹, 平野 幹雄, 北 洋輔

特殊教育学研究 = The Japanese journal of special education （日本特殊教育学会）  51 （ 2 ） 105 - 113 2013年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-3374

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「読み書きの苦手な子」の実情と理解 (特集 「読み書きが苦手な子」の理解と支援)

北 洋輔, 稲垣 真澄

教育と医学 （慶應義塾大学出版会）  61 （ 5 ） 368 - 379 2013年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  0452-9677

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発達性読み書き障害の視覚情報処理機能障害の解明 大細胞系刺激によるfMRI-脳波同時計測

山本 寿子, 北 洋輔, 小林 朋佳, 山崎 広子, 加我 牧子, 稲垣 真澄, 星野 英紀, 花川 隆

脳と発達 （(一社)日本小児神経学会）  45 （ Suppl. ） S380 - S380 2013年05月

ISSN  0029-0831

子どもの行動特性と母親の抑うつ傾向の関連性 : 母性意識の効果について

鈴木 浩太, 北 洋輔, 加我 牧子, 三砂 ちづる, 竹原 健二, 稲垣 真澄

小児保健研究 （日本小児保健協会）  72 （ 3 ） 363 - 368 2013年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  0037-4113

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Facial identity recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders revealed by P300 analysis: A preliminary study

Atsuko Gunji, Takaaki Goto, Yosuke Kita, Ryusuke Sakuma, Naomi Kokubo, Toshihide Koike, Kotoe Sakihara, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT （ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV）  35 （ 4 ） 293 - 298 2013年04月

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-7604

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Background: To reveal the neural substrate of communication difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), we investigated the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) as represented by the average of electroencephalography findings time-locked to events and behavior. Because the P300 amplitude influences attentional resource allocation during discrimination, the component elicited during perception of known and unknown faces should indicate familiarity processing. Methods and results: Nine typically developing children (TD) and nine children with ASDs participated in this study (Experiment 1). The P300 amplitude in TD children was significantly larger during familiar face perception than during unfamiliar face perception (p < 0.01). However, there was no evidence of familiarity effect in children with ASDs. In three children with ASDs, we also assessed the P300 amplitude during perception of a therapist's face one month before (baseline), a few days before and after social skills training (SST) sessions (Experiment 2). To evaluate the effect of familiarity on facial identity processing, we analyzed the therapist/unknown ratio of P300 amplitudes related to the face discrimination task as an index. The ratio was larger after SST sessions than before, but there was no difference in the ratio between baseline and before SST assessments. Conclusion: The P300 might be influenced by attentional resource allocation depending on the stage of learning face identification in children with ASDs. We speculate that this approach to evaluating brain responses during facial identity recognition could be used as a tool to clarify children's communication difficulties. (C) 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Deficits in magnocellular pathway in developmental dyslexia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography study

Yamamoto H, Kita Y, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki H, Kaga M, Hoshino H, Hanakawa T, Inagaki M

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 3   168 - 178 2013年

査読有り

高機能自閉症児における対人相互交渉の困難の要因に関する検討:―心の理論課題を通過する事例の様相に着目して―

鈴木 徹, 平野 幹雄, 北 洋輔, 郷右近 歩, 野口 和人, 細川 徹

特殊教育学研究 （The Japanese Association of Special Education）  51 （ 2 ） 105 - 113 2013年

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-3374

　概要を見る

従来、自閉症児の対人相互交渉の困難は、他者理解の困難が背景要因として指摘されてきた。しかしながら、心の理論課題の結果と日常生活の様相について実証的な研究は行われてこなかった。本研究では、高機能自閉症の一事例を対象に、心の理論課題の実施と実際の様相、とりわけ自身の言動と他者の言動の因果関係の理解の様相から対人相互交渉の困難の要因について検討を行った。その結果、心の理論課題を通過した対象児は、対人相互交渉において、過去の他者の言動と現在の状態との因果関係について適切な解釈を行っていた。一方、過去の自身の言動と現在の状態の因果関係について誤った解釈を行うことが多かった。このことから、対人相互交渉の困難を招く一因として、自己の言動の認識の困難という可能性について論じた。

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自閉症スペクトラム障害児に対するソーシャルスキルトレーニングの実践 : 脳機能計測を利用した客観的評価法

北 洋輔, 軍司 敦子, 後藤 隆章

東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 （東北大学大学院教育学研究科）  61 （ 1 ） 127 - 143 2012年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  1346-5740

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自閉症スペクトラム障害児に対するソーシャルスキルトレーニングの実践 : 脳機能計測を活用した客観的評価法

北 洋輔, 軍司 敦子, 後藤 隆章, 稲垣 真澄, 細川 徹

東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 （東北大学大学院教育学研究科）  61 （ 1 ） 127 - 144 2012年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  1346-5740

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type:紀要類 (bulletin)

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Effects of a rich emotionally-satisfying childbirth experience of mothers on their later parental attitudes and behavior in school-age children

Kota Suzuki, Yosuke Kita, Yuki Inoue, Makiko Kaga, Chizuru Misago, Kenji Takehara, Masumi Inagaki

No To Hattatsu 44 （ 5 ） 368 - 373 2012年09月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

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This study examined the effects of a rich, emotionally-satisfying childbirth experience (CBE) of mothers on the behavior of school-age children using longitudinal data measured from immediately to 7 years and 6 months after birth. The results of structural equation modeling revealed the following: 1) giving birth in a midwifery center enhances emotional satisfaction with CBE, 2) a rich CBE of mothers was associated with parental warmth, 3) parental warmth during early childhood increased prosocial behavior and reduced behavioral problems in school-age children, and 4) temperamentally difficulty in early childhood were linked to later behavioral problems in school-age children. Thus, a rich CBE and parental warmth were suggested to be factors contributing to the good behavior of school-age children.

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Effectiveness of social skills training for children with developmental disorders: Behavioral analysis using a two-dimensional motion capture system

Ryusuke Sakuma, Atsuko Gunji, Takaaki Goto, Yosuke Kita, Toshihide Koike, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki

No To Hattatsu 44 （ 4 ） 320 - 326 2012年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

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The current study sought to develop a new behavioral analysis methods to evaluate the effects of social skills training (SST). SST is known to be an effective method to improve the social skills of children with behavioral problems. However, current evaluation methods involve behavioral rating scales that are heavily dependent on evaluators' particular experiences they have had. To quantitatively examine the behavioral effects of SST, we examined subjects' head-movements related to social behavior, using a two-dimensional motion capture system (Kissei Comtec, Japan). Four children (three male, one female, 7-8 years of age) with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) participated in 16 sessions of SST. Before and after SST, head-coordinates on a two-dimensional plane were calculated using their behavior during a pair task, measured by four digital cameras. After SST, the number of communication behaviors was increased compared to before SST. In addition, children looked longer at another child within 30 degrees of the central visual field. Time-series analysis of the visual field during the detection of another child revealed significant auto-correlation from about - 1.12 second, before to the beginning of communication behavior (p&lt
0.05). The results suggested mat our method can provide a quantitative index of characteristics related to skilled social behaviors. We conclude mat a two-dimensional motion capture system would be useful for visualization of the interventional effects of SST, which would supplement assessments by the conventional observational strategies.

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