論文 - 北　洋輔

自閉症スペクトラム障害児の顔認知研究の現状と展望

軍司 敦子, 北 洋輔, 稲垣 真澄

精神保健研究 = Journal of mental health : official journal of the National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Japan （国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所）   （ 27 ） 63 - 71 2014年

査読有り,  ISSN  0915-065X

Altered brain activity for phonological manipulation in dyslexic Japanese children

Yosuke Kita, Hisako Yamamoto, Kentaro Oba, Yuri Terasawa, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Hitoshi Uchiyama, Ayumi Seki, Tatsuya Koeda, Masumi Inagaki

BRAIN （OXFORD UNIV PRESS）  136 （ Pt 12 ） 3696 - 3708 2013年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  0006-8950

　概要を見る

Because of unique linguistic characteristics, the prevalence rate of developmental dyslexia is relatively low in the Japanese language. Paradoxically, Japanese children have serious difficulty analysing phonological processes when they have dyslexia. Neurobiological deficits in Japanese dyslexia remain unclear and need to be identified, and may lead to better understanding of the commonality and diversity in the disorder among different linguistic systems. The present study investigated brain activity that underlies deficits in phonological awareness in Japanese dyslexic children using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We developed and conducted a phonological manipulation task to extract phonological processing skills and to minimize the influence of auditory working memory on healthy adults, typically developing children, and dyslexic children. Current experiments revealed that several brain regions participated in manipulating the phonological information including left inferior and middle frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral basal ganglia. Moreover, dyslexic children showed altered activity in two brain regions. They showed hyperactivity in the basal ganglia compared with the two other groups, which reflects inefficient phonological processing. Hypoactivity in the left superior temporal gyrus was also found, suggesting difficulty in composing and processing phonological information. The altered brain activity shares similarity with those of dyslexic children in countries speaking alphabetical languages, but disparity also occurs between these two populations. These are initial findings concerning the neurobiological impairments in dyslexic Japanese children.

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高機能自閉症児における対人相互交渉の困難の要因に関する検討 : 心の理論課題を通過する事例の様相に着目して

鈴木 徹, 平野 幹雄, 北 洋輔

特殊教育学研究 = The Japanese journal of special education （日本特殊教育学会）  51 （ 2 ） 105 - 113 2013年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-3374

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「読み書きの苦手な子」の実情と理解 (特集 「読み書きが苦手な子」の理解と支援)

北 洋輔, 稲垣 真澄

教育と医学 （慶應義塾大学出版会）  61 （ 5 ） 368 - 379 2013年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  0452-9677

発達性読み書き障害の視覚情報処理機能障害の解明 大細胞系刺激によるfMRI-脳波同時計測

山本 寿子, 北 洋輔, 小林 朋佳, 山崎 広子, 加我 牧子, 稲垣 真澄, 星野 英紀, 花川 隆

脳と発達 （(一社)日本小児神経学会）  45 （ Suppl. ） S380 - S380 2013年05月

ISSN  0029-0831

子どもの行動特性と母親の抑うつ傾向の関連性 : 母性意識の効果について

鈴木 浩太, 北 洋輔, 加我 牧子, 三砂 ちづる, 竹原 健二, 稲垣 真澄

小児保健研究 （日本小児保健協会）  72 （ 3 ） 363 - 368 2013年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  0037-4113

Facial identity recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders revealed by P300 analysis: A preliminary study

Atsuko Gunji, Takaaki Goto, Yosuke Kita, Ryusuke Sakuma, Naomi Kokubo, Toshihide Koike, Kotoe Sakihara, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT （ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV）  35 （ 4 ） 293 - 298 2013年04月

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-7604

　概要を見る

Background: To reveal the neural substrate of communication difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), we investigated the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) as represented by the average of electroencephalography findings time-locked to events and behavior. Because the P300 amplitude influences attentional resource allocation during discrimination, the component elicited during perception of known and unknown faces should indicate familiarity processing. Methods and results: Nine typically developing children (TD) and nine children with ASDs participated in this study (Experiment 1). The P300 amplitude in TD children was significantly larger during familiar face perception than during unfamiliar face perception (p < 0.01). However, there was no evidence of familiarity effect in children with ASDs. In three children with ASDs, we also assessed the P300 amplitude during perception of a therapist's face one month before (baseline), a few days before and after social skills training (SST) sessions (Experiment 2). To evaluate the effect of familiarity on facial identity processing, we analyzed the therapist/unknown ratio of P300 amplitudes related to the face discrimination task as an index. The ratio was larger after SST sessions than before, but there was no difference in the ratio between baseline and before SST assessments. Conclusion: The P300 might be influenced by attentional resource allocation depending on the stage of learning face identification in children with ASDs. We speculate that this approach to evaluating brain responses during facial identity recognition could be used as a tool to clarify children's communication difficulties. (C) 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Deficits in magnocellular pathway in developmental dyslexia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography study

Yamamoto H, Kita Y, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki H, Kaga M, Hoshino H, Hanakawa T, Inagaki M

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 3   168 - 178 2013年

査読有り

高機能自閉症児における対人相互交渉の困難の要因に関する検討:―心の理論課題を通過する事例の様相に着目して―

鈴木 徹, 平野 幹雄, 北 洋輔, 郷右近 歩, 野口 和人, 細川 徹

特殊教育学研究 （The Japanese Association of Special Education）  51 （ 2 ） 105 - 113 2013年

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-3374

　概要を見る

従来、自閉症児の対人相互交渉の困難は、他者理解の困難が背景要因として指摘されてきた。しかしながら、心の理論課題の結果と日常生活の様相について実証的な研究は行われてこなかった。本研究では、高機能自閉症の一事例を対象に、心の理論課題の実施と実際の様相、とりわけ自身の言動と他者の言動の因果関係の理解の様相から対人相互交渉の困難の要因について検討を行った。その結果、心の理論課題を通過した対象児は、対人相互交渉において、過去の他者の言動と現在の状態との因果関係について適切な解釈を行っていた。一方、過去の自身の言動と現在の状態の因果関係について誤った解釈を行うことが多かった。このことから、対人相互交渉の困難を招く一因として、自己の言動の認識の困難という可能性について論じた。

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自閉症スペクトラム障害児に対するソーシャルスキルトレーニングの実践 : 脳機能計測を利用した客観的評価法

北 洋輔, 軍司 敦子, 後藤 隆章

東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 （東北大学大学院教育学研究科）  61 （ 1 ） 127 - 143 2012年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  1346-5740

自閉症スペクトラム障害児に対するソーシャルスキルトレーニングの実践 : 脳機能計測を活用した客観的評価法

北 洋輔, 軍司 敦子, 後藤 隆章, 稲垣 真澄, 細川 徹

東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 （東北大学大学院教育学研究科）  61 （ 1 ） 127 - 144 2012年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  1346-5740

　概要を見る

type:紀要類 (bulletin)

Effects of a rich emotionally-satisfying childbirth experience of mothers on their later parental attitudes and behavior in school-age children

Kota Suzuki, Yosuke Kita, Yuki Inoue, Makiko Kaga, Chizuru Misago, Kenji Takehara, Masumi Inagaki

No To Hattatsu 44 （ 5 ） 368 - 373 2012年09月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

　概要を見る

This study examined the effects of a rich, emotionally-satisfying childbirth experience (CBE) of mothers on the behavior of school-age children using longitudinal data measured from immediately to 7 years and 6 months after birth. The results of structural equation modeling revealed the following: 1) giving birth in a midwifery center enhances emotional satisfaction with CBE, 2) a rich CBE of mothers was associated with parental warmth, 3) parental warmth during early childhood increased prosocial behavior and reduced behavioral problems in school-age children, and 4) temperamentally difficulty in early childhood were linked to later behavioral problems in school-age children. Thus, a rich CBE and parental warmth were suggested to be factors contributing to the good behavior of school-age children.

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Effectiveness of social skills training for children with developmental disorders: Behavioral analysis using a two-dimensional motion capture system

Ryusuke Sakuma, Atsuko Gunji, Takaaki Goto, Yosuke Kita, Toshihide Koike, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki

No To Hattatsu 44 （ 4 ） 320 - 326 2012年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

　概要を見る

The current study sought to develop a new behavioral analysis methods to evaluate the effects of social skills training (SST). SST is known to be an effective method to improve the social skills of children with behavioral problems. However, current evaluation methods involve behavioral rating scales that are heavily dependent on evaluators' particular experiences they have had. To quantitatively examine the behavioral effects of SST, we examined subjects' head-movements related to social behavior, using a two-dimensional motion capture system (Kissei Comtec, Japan). Four children (three male, one female, 7-8 years of age) with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) participated in 16 sessions of SST. Before and after SST, head-coordinates on a two-dimensional plane were calculated using their behavior during a pair task, measured by four digital cameras. After SST, the number of communication behaviors was increased compared to before SST. In addition, children looked longer at another child within 30 degrees of the central visual field. Time-series analysis of the visual field during the detection of another child revealed significant auto-correlation from about - 1.12 second, before to the beginning of communication behavior (p&lt
0.05). The results suggested mat our method can provide a quantitative index of characteristics related to skilled social behaviors. We conclude mat a two-dimensional motion capture system would be useful for visualization of the interventional effects of SST, which would supplement assessments by the conventional observational strategies.

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Face recognition in patients with autism spectrum disorders

Yosuke Kita, Masumi Inagaki

Brain and Nerve 64 （ 7 ） 821 - 830 2012年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  1881-6096

　概要を見る

The present study aimed to review previous research conducted on face recognition in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Face recognition is a key question in the ASD research field because it can provide clues for elucidating the neural substrates responsible for the social impairment of these patients. Historically, behavioral studies have reported low performance and/or unique strategies of face recognition among ASD patients. However, the performance and strategy of ASD patients is comparable to those of the control group, depending on the experimental situation or developmental stage, suggesting that face recognition of ASD patients is not entirely impaired. Recent brain function studies, including event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, have investigated the cognitive process of face recognition in ASD patients, and revealed impaired function in the brain's neural network comprising the fusiform gyrus and amygdala. This impaired function is potentially involved in the diminished preference for faces, and in the atypical development of face recognition, eliciting symptoms of unstable behavioral characteristics in these patients. Additionally, face recognition in ASD patients is examined from a different perspective, namely self-face recognition, and facial emotion recognition. While the former topic is intimately linked to basic social abilities such as self-other discrimination, the latter is closely associated with mentalizing. Further research on face recognition in ASD patients should investigate the connection between behavioral and neurological specifics in these patients, by considering developmental changes and the spectrum clinical condition of ASD.

二次元尺度化による行動解析を用いた発達障害児におけるソーシャルスキルトレーニングの有効性評価

佐久間隆介, 軍司敦子, 後藤隆章, 北洋輔, 小池敏英, 加我牧子, 稲垣真澄

脳と発達 （一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会）  44 （ 4 ） 320 - 326 2012年

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

　概要を見る

コミュニケーション行動の習得にともなう行動変化の客観的な定量評価を目指し, 従来の行動観察法に加えて, 児の頭部方向を二次元平面上に展開する行動解析を行った. 発達障害児4名に, ソーシャルスキルトレーニング (SST) を行い, 前後の行動を比較した結果, ①コミュニケーション行動の増加と, ②ペア活動の相手を中心視野に捉えようとする注目行動の増加が認められた. ヒト位置情報の二次元尺度化は, ソーシャルスキルの治療的介入がもたらす行動における空間的時間的変化の可視化に有用であり, 従来の行動観察法を補う定量評価法の一つとして, 今後の応用が期待される.

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豊かな出産体験が母親の養育態度と学童期における子どもの行動に与える影響

鈴木浩太, 北洋輔, 井上祐紀, 加我牧子, 三砂ちづる, 竹原健二, 稲垣真澄

脳と発達 44   368 - 373 2012年

査読有り

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Developmental changes in rapid automatized naming and Hiragana reading of Japanese elementary school children

Tomoka Kobayashi, Masumi Inagaki, Atsuko Gunji, Kiyomi Yatabe, Yosuke Kita, Makiko Kaga, Takaaki Gotoh, Toshihide Koike

No To Hattatsu 43 （ 6 ） 465 - 470 2011年11月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

　概要を見る

Two hundred and seven Japanese elementary school children aged from 6 (Grade 1) to 12 (Grade 6) years old were tested for their abilities to name numbers and pictured objects along with reading Hiragana characters and words. These children all showed typical development and their classroom teachers judged that they were not having any problems with reading or writing. The children were randomly divided into two groups, the first group was assigned to two naming tasks
the rapid automatized naming (RAN) of "numbers" and "pictured objects," the second group was assigned to two rapid alternative stimulus (RAS) naming tasks using numbers and pictured objects. All children were asked to perform two reading tasks that were written in Hiragana script : single mora reading task and four syllable word reading task. The total articulation time for naming and reading and performance in terms of accuracy were measured for each task. Developmental changes in these variables were evaluated. The articulation time was significantly longer for the first graders, and it gradually shortened as they moved through to the upper grades in all tasks. The articulation time reached a plateau in the 5th grade for the number naming, while gradual change continued after drastic change in the lower grades for the pictured object naming. The articulation times for the single mora reading and RAN of numbers correlated strongly. The articulation time for the RAS naming was significantly longer compared to that for the RAN, though there were very few errors. The RAS naming showed the highest correlation with the four syllable word reading. This study demonstrated that the performance in rapid automatized naming of numbers and pictures were closely related with performance on reading tasks. Thus Japanese children with reading disorders such as developmental dyslexia should also be evaluated for rapid automatized naming.

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学童における呼称能力の発達とひらがな読み能力との関連

小林 朋佳, 稲垣 真澄, 軍司 敦子, 矢田部 清美, 北 洋輔, 加我 牧子, 後藤 隆章, 小池 敏英

脳と発達 （The Japanese Society of Child Neurology）  43 （ 6 ） 465 - 470 2011年11月

査読有り,  ISSN  0029-0831

　概要を見る

数字や線画を単独あるいは交互に呼称する課題を通常級在籍中の小学1～6年生207名に行い, ひらがな音読能力との関連を検討した. 数字呼称時間は小学3～4年生まで短縮し続け, 単音音読時間と相関していた. 一方, 線画呼称は学童期の前半で特に短縮変化が目立ち, 以降はゆるやかに変化した. 交互課題はいずれの年齢においても単独呼称より時間がかかったが, エラーがほとんどなく施行できた. 呼称能力はひらがな音読能力と関連性がみられ, 交互課題は単語音読とより強く相関していた. 日本語話者の発達性読み書き障害の病態解明の一助として, 音読異常を持つ小児の数字・線画呼称スピードを今後検討する必要があると思われる.

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学習障害児の脳機能 発達性読み書き障害児の非侵襲的脳機能評価

稲垣 真澄, 小林 朋佳, 北 洋輔, 山崎 広子, 矢田部 清美, 加我 牧子

臨床神経生理学 （(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会）  39 （ 5 ） 347 - 347 2011年10月

ISSN  1345-7101

Self-face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

Yosuke Kita, Atsuko Gunji, Yuki Inoue, Takaaki Goto, Kotoe Sakihara, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki, Toru Hosokawa

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT （ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV）  33 （ 6 ） 494 - 503 2011年06月

査読有り,  ISSN  0387-7604

　概要を見る

It is assumed that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have specificities for self-face recognition, which is known to be a basic cognitive ability for social development. In the present study, we investigated neurological substrates and potentially influential factors for self-face recognition of ASD patients using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The subjects were 11 healthy adult men, 13 normally developing boys, and 10 boys with ASD. Their hemodynamic activities in the frontal area and their scanning strategies (eye-movement) were examined during self-face recognition. Other factors such as ASD severities and self-consciousness were also evaluated by parents and patients, respectively. Oxygenated hemoglobin levels were higher in the regions corresponding to the right inferior frontal gyrus than in those corresponding to the left inferior frontal gyrus. In two groups of children these activities reflected ASD severities, such that the more serious ASD characteristics corresponded with lower activity levels. Moreover, higher levels of public self-consciousness intensified the activities, which were not influenced by the scanning strategies. These findings suggest that dysfunction in the right inferior frontal gyrus areas responsible for self-face recognition is one of the crucial neural substrates underlying ASD characteristics, which could potentially be used to evaluate psychological aspects such as public self-consciousness. (C) 2010 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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